Murphy R G L, Howard S T, Woerner D R, Pendell D L, Dixon C L, Desimone T L, Green M D, Igo J L, Tatum J D, Belk K E
Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1171.
Center for Meat Safety and Quality, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523-1171
J Anim Sci. 2015 Jan;93(1):433-41. doi: 10.2527/jas.2014-8102.
A survey was conducted from November 2009 to April 2010 to determine how importers of pork define 7 predetermined quality categories (food safety, customer service, eating quality, product specification, packaging, visual characteristics, and production history) and to estimate willingness-to-pay (WTP) and establish best-worst (B/W) scaling (rank) for the 7 quality categories. Interviews were conducted in Hong Kong/China (n = 83), Japan (n = 48), Mexico (n = 70) and Russia (n = 54) with importers of U.S. pork or those who had purchased U.S. pork from distributors in the last 3 yr. Interviews used dynamic routing software and were structured such that economic factors for purchase were addressed first, allowing all responses to focus on quality. Questions about WTP and B/W were asked and then each respondent was asked to define what each quality category meant to them. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze frequency data. Over 70% of interviewees in Hong Kong/China, Japan, and Mexico responded that purchase price was influential in deciding whether or not to purchase imported pork. This number was lower in Russia, where respondents stated tariff rates were also important, indicating market access was a larger issue in Russia. Food safety was the most important quality category (price was not included as a part of quality) for imported pork followed by specifications. Respondents indicated some form of government inspection was how they defined food safety, whereas product size, weight, and subcutaneous fat were all included in the definition of specifications. Interviewees were more likely to pay premiums for customer service and less likely to pay premiums for packaging (P < 0.05). The premiums that were willing to be paid for guarantees of quality for imported pork variety meats were numerically lower than for whole muscle cuts or processed products. A guarantee associated with food safety of processed pork products was found to be the quality attribute for which importers would be willing to pay the highest premium. Production history was found to be the least important quality attribute for importers of all types of U.S. pork, except those in Japan. Exporters could increase profitability if a guarantee of customer service was made. Price, tariffs, and exchange rates are important to pork importers; these results indicated that if certain quality attributes could be guaranteed, exporters could increase profitability.
2009年11月至2010年4月开展了一项调查，以确定猪肉进口商如何界定7个预先设定的质量类别（食品安全、客户服务、食用品质、产品规格、包装、外观特征和生产历史），并估计支付意愿（WTP），为这7个质量类别建立最佳-最差（B/W）标度（排序）。在中国香港（n = 83）、日本（n = 48）、墨西哥（n = 70）和俄罗斯（n = 54）对美国猪肉进口商或过去3年内从经销商处购买过美国猪肉的人进行了访谈。访谈使用了动态路由软件，其结构设计为先探讨购买的经济因素，使所有回答都聚焦于质量。询问了有关支付意愿和最佳-最差的问题，然后要求每位受访者界定每个质量类别对他们而言意味着什么。使用广义线性混合模型分析频率数据。在中国香港、日本和墨西哥，超过70%的受访者表示购买价格对决定是否购买进口猪肉有影响。在俄罗斯，这一比例较低，受访者称关税税率也很重要，表明市场准入在俄罗斯是一个更大的问题。食品安全是进口猪肉最重要的质量类别（价格不包括在质量范围内），其次是规格。受访者表示，他们对食品安全的界定是某种形式的政府检查，而产品尺寸、重量和皮下脂肪都包含在规格的定义中。受访者更有可能为客户服务支付溢价，而不太可能为包装支付溢价（P < 0.05）。愿意为进口猪肉分割肉的质量保证支付的溢价在数值上低于对整块肌肉切块或加工产品支付的溢价。发现与加工猪肉产品食品安全相关的保证是进口商愿意支付最高溢价的质量属性。除了日本的进口商外，生产历史被发现是所有类型美国猪肉进口商最不重要的质量属性。如果做出客户服务保证，出口商可以提高盈利能力。价格、关税和汇率对猪肉进口商很重要；这些结果表明，如果某些质量属性能够得到保证，出口商可以提高盈利能力。
