Hasty J D, Pfeifer M M, Eastwood L C, Gredell D A, Gifford C L, Levey J R, Cashman C M, Woerner D R, Martin J N, Delmore R J, Griffin W B, VanOverbeke D L, Mafi G G, Boykin C A, Hale D S, Kerth C R, Griffin D B, Arnold A N, Savell J W, Pendell D L, Belk K E
Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.
Transl Anim Sci. 2017 Sep 1;1(3):320-332. doi: 10.2527/tas2017.0039. eCollection 2017 Sep.
The National Beef Quality Audit (NBQA) is conducted every 5 yr and was most recently again conducted in 2016. Face-to-face interviews gauged progress in quality associated with live cattle production using procedures first utilized in NBQA 2011. The 2016 NBQA was the first in which interviews concerning fed steers and heifers were combined with an audit of market cow and bull beef. Face-to-face interviews were designed to illicit definitions for beef quality, estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for quality attributes, establish relative importance rankings for important quality factors, and assess images, strengths, weaknesses, potential threats, and shifting trends in the beef industry since the 2011 audit. Individuals making purchasing decisions in 5 market sectors of the steer/heifer and cow/bull beef supply chain were interviewed, including packers ( = 36), retailers (including large and small supermarket companies and warehouse food sales companies; = 35), food service operators (including quick-serve, full-service, and institutional establishments; = 29), further processors ( = 64), and peripherally-related government and trade organizations (GTO; = 30). Face-to-face interviews were conducted between January and November of 2016 using a designed dynamic routing system. Definitions (as described by interviewees) for 7 pre-determined quality factors, including: (1) How and where the cattle were raised, (2) Lean, fat, and bone, (3) Weight and size, (4) Visual characteristics, (5) Food safety, (6) Eating satisfaction, and (7) Cattle genetics were recorded verbatim and categorized into similar responses for analysis. Compared to NBQA-2011, a higher percentage of companies were willing to pay premiums for guaranteed quality attributes, but overall were willing to pay lower average premiums than the companies interviewed in 2011. Food safety had the highest share of preference among all interviewees, generating a double-digit advantage over any other quality factor. The 2 beef industries have an overall positive image among interviewees, and despite lingering weaknesses, product quality continued to be at the forefront of the strengths category for both steer and heifer beef and market cow and bull beef.
美国国家牛肉质量审计（NBQA）每5年进行一次，最近一次是在2016年开展的。通过面对面访谈，利用2011年NBQA首次采用的程序来评估与活牛生产相关的质量进展情况。2016年的NBQA首次将有关育肥牛和小母牛的访谈与对市场母牛和公牛牛肉的审计结合起来。面对面访谈旨在引出牛肉质量的定义，估计对质量属性的支付意愿（WTP），确定重要质量因素的相对重要性排名，并评估自2011年审计以来牛肉行业的形象、优势、劣势、潜在威胁和变化趋势。对肉牛/小母牛和母牛/公牛牛肉供应链5个市场领域中做出采购决策的个人进行了访谈，包括包装商（n = 36）、零售商（包括大型和小型超市公司以及仓储食品销售公司；n = 35）、食品服务运营商（包括快餐、全方位服务和机构场所；n = 29）、深加工商（n = 64）以及周边相关政府和贸易组织（GTO；n = 30）。2016年1月至11月期间，使用设计好的动态路由系统进行了面对面访谈。逐字记录了7个预先确定的质量因素的定义（如受访者所述），包括：（1）牛的饲养方式和地点，（2）瘦肉、脂肪和骨头，（3）体重和体型，（4）视觉特征，（5）食品安全，（6）食用满意度，（7）牛的遗传基因，并将其归类为相似的回答进行分析。与2011年的NBQA相比，愿意为有保证的质量属性支付溢价的公司比例更高，但总体上愿意支付的平均溢价低于2011年接受访谈的公司。食品安全在所有受访者的偏好中占比最高，比任何其他质量因素都有两位数的优势。这两个牛肉行业在受访者中总体形象良好，尽管仍存在一些弱点，但产品质量在育肥牛和小母牛牛肉以及市场母牛和公牛牛肉的优势类别中仍然位居前列。
