Réveillon Morgane, Borradori Tolsa Cristina, Monnier Maryline, Hüppi Petra S, Barisnikov Koviljka
a Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
b Division of Development and Growth, Department of Pediatrics , University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
Child Neuropsychol. 2016;22(4):420-42. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2014.994486. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
Previous studies with children have demonstrated inhibition difficulties associated with prematurity, but the question of potentially catching up with a delay in inhibition processes before adolescence still remains. Moreover, preterm adolescents are more at risk than their term-born peers for presenting behavioral problems such as emotional difficulties and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In addition to examining response inhibition, this study addressed, for the first time, the impact of an emotional context on response inhibition abilities and its relation to behavioral problems in late school-aged preterm children. Fifty-eight preterm children aged 9-12 years were compared with 61 controls on two versions of a stop-signal task, the Delay Frustration Task, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results showed general difficulties in inhibiting a response, rather than a specific impact of emotional context in preterm children. Compared with controls, these children exhibited more and longer button presses in a delay situation, as well as faster go reaction times associated with lower probability of inhibition in the stop-signal tasks. These difficulties reflected impulsivity and were associated with higher hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems. Additionally, intrauterine growth restriction was found to be an additional perinatal risk factor for hyperactivity/inattention symptoms. These findings suggest that remaining inhibition difficulties in the preterm population at preadolescence could reveal increasing behavioral issues.
以往针对儿童的研究表明，早产与抑制困难有关，但在青春期前抑制过程的延迟是否有可能赶上这一问题仍然存在。此外，早产青少年比足月儿同龄人更容易出现情绪问题和注意力缺陷/多动障碍等行为问题。除了研究反应抑制，本研究首次探讨了情绪背景对反应抑制能力的影响及其与大龄学龄期早产儿童行为问题的关系。将58名9至12岁的早产儿童与61名对照组儿童在两个版本的停止信号任务、延迟挫折任务和优势与困难问卷上进行了比较。结果显示，早产儿童在抑制反应方面普遍存在困难，而非情绪背景的特定影响。与对照组相比，这些儿童在延迟情境中表现出更多、更长时间的按键操作，以及在停止信号任务中与较低抑制概率相关的更快的反应时间。这些困难反映了冲动性，并与更高的多动/注意力不集中和行为问题相关。此外，发现宫内生长受限是多动/注意力不集中症状的另一个围产期风险因素。这些发现表明，青春期前早产人群中持续存在的抑制困难可能会揭示出越来越多的行为问题。
