King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 11;14(4):e0214864. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214864. eCollection 2019.
Preterm birth is associated with heightened risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms and neurocognitive impairments, including impairments in performance monitoring. Here, we investigate the cognitive and neurophysiological processes from a performance-monitoring task in preterm-born adolescents and examine whether these processes in preterm-born adolescents reflect identical neurophysiological impairments to those observed in term-born adolescents with ADHD. We compared 186 preterm-born individuals to 69 term-born individuals with ADHD and 135 term-born controls on cognitive-performance measures and event-related potentials (ERPs) of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN, Pe) from a flanker task. Preterm-born adolescents demonstrated reduced N2, ERN and Pe amplitudes, compared to controls, and similar ERN and Pe impairments to term-born adolescents with ADHD. While ADHD symptoms correlated with ERN amplitude at FCz among the preterm-born, ERN amplitude at Fz, N2 and Pe amplitude were not associated with ADHD symptoms. Preterm-born individuals show impairments on neurophysiological indices of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN and Pe). Early neurophysiological error processing may be a marker underlying the processes linked to the increased risk for ADHD among preterm-born individuals. Error detection processes are malleable and potential targets for non-pharmacological interventions. Preterm-born individuals are likely to benefit from early interventions.
早产与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）样症状和神经认知障碍相关，包括表现监测受损。在这里，我们从早产儿青少年的表现监测任务中研究认知和神经生理过程，并检查这些早产儿青少年的过程是否反映了与 ADHD 足月出生青少年观察到的相同的神经生理障碍。我们将 186 名早产儿与 69 名 ADHD 足月出生青少年和 135 名足月出生对照组在认知表现测量和冲突监测（N2）和错误处理（ERN、Pe）的事件相关电位（ERP）上进行了比较。与对照组相比，早产儿青少年的 N2、ERN 和 Pe 振幅降低，并且与 ADHD 足月出生青少年的 ERN 和 Pe 损伤相似。虽然 ADHD 症状与早产儿 FCz 处的 ERN 幅度相关，但 Fz 处的 ERN 幅度、N2 和 Pe 幅度与 ADHD 症状无关。早产儿个体在冲突监测（N2）和错误处理（ERN 和 Pe）的神经生理指标上存在损伤。早期神经生理错误处理可能是早产儿中 ADHD 风险增加相关过程的基础。错误检测过程是可塑的，也是非药物干预的潜在目标。早产儿可能受益于早期干预。
