Onduka Toshimitsu, Ojima Daisuke, Ito Katsutoshi, Mochida Kazuhiko, Koyama Jiro, Fujii Kazunori
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan,
Ecotoxicology. 2015 Apr;24(3):648-56. doi: 10.1007/s10646-014-1412-6. Epub 2015 Jan 9.
After pregnant mummichog were implanted with 1-nitronaphthalene or 1-nitropyrene via cholesterol pellet, we investigated the effects of the chemicals on embryo normality, hatchability and days to hatch of normal embryos, and growth and survival of hatched larvae from normal embryos of the implanted mummichog. Hatchability was the parameter most sensitive to the effects of both 1-nitronaphthalene and 1-nitropyrene. The 4-week lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of 1-nitronaphthalene, based on the actual concentrations in the eggs in the test, was 447 ng g(-1) wet wt.; and the LOEC and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 1-nitropyrene were 958 and 344 ng g(-1) wet wt., respectively. The 4-week LOEC of 1-nitronaphthalene, based on the concentration in the water, was estimated at 4.8 µg L(-1) by using the reported bioconcentration factor; and the LOEC and NOEC of 1-nitropyrene, based on the concentration in the water, were estimated at 3.1 and 8.6 µg L(-1), respectively. The reported environmental concentrations of 1-nitropyrene and 1-nitronaphthalene are over three magnitudes lower than the toxicity values we obtained. Therefore, the effects of environmental levels of 1-nitropyrene and 1-nitronaphthalene on fish reproduction, not including genomic effects on embryos, appear to be almost negligible. However, DNA damage has been detected in marine organisms exposed to 1-nitropyrene. Further studies of the genotoxicity of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at environmental levels are therefore needed to evaluate their ecotoxicological risks.
在将怀孕的食蚊鱼通过胆固醇丸粒植入1-硝基萘或1-硝基芘后，我们研究了这些化学物质对胚胎正常性、孵化率以及正常胚胎孵化所需天数的影响，还研究了植入食蚊鱼正常胚胎孵化出的幼体的生长和存活情况。孵化率是对1-硝基萘和1-硝基芘的影响最为敏感的参数。基于试验中鱼卵的实际浓度，1-硝基萘的4周最低观察效应浓度（LOEC）为447 ng g⁻¹湿重；1-硝基芘的LOEC和未观察到效应浓度（NOEC）分别为958和344 ng g⁻¹湿重。利用报道的生物富集系数，基于水中浓度估算出1-硝基萘的4周LOEC为4.8 μg L⁻¹；基于水中浓度估算出1-硝基芘的LOEC和NOEC分别为3.1和8.6 μg L⁻¹。报道的1-硝基芘和1-硝基萘的环境浓度比我们得到的毒性值低三个数量级以上。因此，环境水平的1-硝基芘和1-硝基萘对鱼类繁殖的影响（不包括对胚胎的基因组效应）似乎几乎可以忽略不计。然而，在接触1-硝基芘的海洋生物中已检测到DNA损伤。因此，需要进一步研究环境水平的硝化多环芳烃的遗传毒性，以评估它们的生态毒理学风险。
