Singh Abhay Kumar, Ghosh Tapan Kumar, Haldar Sudipto
Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37 and 68 Kshudiram Bose Sarani, Kolkata, 700037, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015 Apr;164(2):253-60. doi: 10.1007/s12011-014-0222-2. Epub 2015 Jan 10.
A straight-run flock of 1-day-old Cobb 400 chicks (n = 432) was distributed into four treatment groups (9 replicate pens in each group, 12 birds in a pen) for a 38-day feeding trial evaluating the effects of a methionine chelate (Met-TM)- or a yeast proteinate (Yeast-TM)-based supplement of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) on growth performance, bone criteria and some metabolic indices in commercial broiler chickens. The diets were either not supplemented with any trace elements at all (negative control, NC) or supplemented with an inorganic (sulphate) trace element premix (inorganic TM (ITM), 1 g/kg feed), the Met-TM (1 g/kg feed) and the Yeast-TM (0.5 g/kg feed). Body weight, feed conversion ratio and dressed meat yield at 38 days were better in the Yeast-TM-supplemented group as compared with the NC, ITM and Met-TM groups (p < 0.01). The birds supplemented with Met-TM and Yeast-TM consumed less feed than the NC and ITM-supplemented group (p < 0.001). Supplementation of trace elements irrespective of source increased the total ash content in the tibia (p < 0.001). However, concentration of Cu was lower in the Met-TM and Yeast-TM groups compared with the NC and the ITM groups (p < 0.05) although that of Fe, Mn and Zn was not affected at all by the dietary treatments. Total protein concentration in serum increased when either Met-TM or Yeast-TM was supplemented (p < 0.05) to the birds. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, however, increased when the trace elements from either inorganic or organic sources were supplemented (p < 0.05). Compared with the ITM-supplemented group, excretion of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn was lower in the birds supplemented with Met-TM or Yeast-TM, especially in the latter group (p < 0.05). The present experiment revealed that supplementation of broilers with methionine chelates or yeast proteinate forms of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn improved body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and markedly reduced excretion of the said trace elements. The study revealed that it may be possible to improve broiler performance and reduce excretion of critical trace elements into the environment by complete replacement of inorganic trace minerals from their dietary regime and replacing the same with methionine chelate or yeast proteinate forms.
将一群432只1日龄的科宝400雏鸡分为四个处理组（每组9个重复栏，每栏12只鸡），进行为期38天的饲养试验，以评估基于蛋氨酸螯合物（Met-TM）或酵母蛋白盐（Yeast-TM）的铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）和锌（Zn）补充剂对商品肉鸡生长性能、骨骼指标和一些代谢指标的影响。日粮要么完全不添加任何微量元素（阴性对照，NC），要么添加无机（硫酸盐）微量元素预混料（无机TM（ITM），1 g/kg饲料）、Met-TM（1 g/kg饲料）和Yeast-TM（0.5 g/kg饲料）。与NC、ITM和Met-TM组相比，补充Yeast-TM的组在38日龄时的体重、饲料转化率和屠宰肉产量更好（p＜0.01）。补充Met-TM和Yeast-TM的鸡比补充NC和ITM的组消耗的饲料更少（p＜0.001）。无论来源如何，补充微量元素都会增加胫骨中的总灰分含量（p＜0.001）。然而，与NC组和ITM组相比，Met-TM组和Yeast-TM组中的铜浓度较低（p＜0.05），尽管铁、锰和锌的浓度不受日粮处理的影响。当向鸡补充Met-TM或Yeast-TM时，血清中的总蛋白浓度会增加（p＜0.05）。然而，当补充无机或有机来源的微量元素时，血清碱性磷酸酶活性会增加（p＜0.05）。与补充ITM的组相比，补充Met-TM或Yeast-TM的鸡中铜、铁、锰和锌的排泄量较低，尤其是后者（p＜0.05）。本实验表明，用蛋氨酸螯合物或酵母蛋白盐形式的铜、铁、锰和锌补充肉鸡可提高体重和饲料转化率（FCR），并显著减少上述微量元素的排泄。该研究表明，通过从日粮中完全替代无机微量矿物质并用蛋氨酸螯合物或酵母蛋白盐形式替代，可以提高肉鸡性能并减少关键微量元素向环境中的排泄。
