Abdul-Hamid Walid Khalid, Hughes Jamie Hacker
Queen Mary University of London.
Early Sci Med. 2014;19(6):549-57. doi: 10.1163/15733823-00196p02.
Herodotus' account of the Athenian spear carrier Epizelus' psychogenic mutism following the Marathon Wars is usually cited as the first documented account of post-traumatic stress disorders in historical literature. This paper describes much earlier accounts of post combat disorders that were recorded as occurring in Mesopotamia (present day Iraq) during the Assyrian dynasty (1300-609 BC). The descriptions in this paper include many symptoms of what we would now identify in current diagnostic classification systems as post-traumatic stress disorders; including flashbacks, sleep disturbance and low mood. The Mesopotamians explain the disorder in terms of spirit affliction; the spirit of those enemies whom the patient had killed during battle causing the symptoms.
希罗多德对马拉松战争后雅典持矛兵埃皮泽洛斯的心因性缄默症的记述，通常被视为历史文献中关于创伤后应激障碍的首个有文献记载的案例。本文描述了更早的关于战斗后障碍的记述，这些记述记录了亚述王朝（公元前1300 - 609年）时期在美索不达米亚（今伊拉克）发生的情况。本文中的描述包括了我们现在在当前诊断分类系统中认定为创伤后应激障碍的许多症状；包括闪回、睡眠障碍和情绪低落。美索不达米亚人用灵魂折磨来解释这种障碍；患者在战斗中杀死的那些敌人的灵魂导致了这些症状。
