Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015 Apr;59(4):773-83. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201400666. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
Gut peptides regulate appetite and adipogenesis. Early weaning (EW) leads to later development of obesity that can be prevented by calcium supplementation. We evaluated gut peptides that may have a role in the establishment of this dysfunction.
At birth, lactating Wistar rats were separated in: EW, lactating rats involved with a bandage interrupting the lactation during the last 4 days of standard lactation, and C (control) dams whose pups had free access to milk during throughout lactation. At 120 days old, half of EW group received calcium supplementation (EWCa); EW and C received standard diet. At 21 days old, EW presented higher glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in plasma and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1-R) in adipose tissue and hypothalamus, but lower GLP-1 and GLP1-R in the gut. At 180 days old, GLP-1 response to food intake was blunted in EW and restored by calcium. GLP-1 in the gut was lower in EW and its receptor was lower in adipose tissue, and GLP1-R was higher in the gut of calcium EW group.
Thus, EW had short- and long-term effects upon GLP-1 profile, which may have contributed to obesity development, hyperphagia, and insulin resistance due to its adipogenic and appetite control roles. Calcium supplementation was able to prevent most of the changes in GLP-1 caused by EW.
肠道肽可调节食欲和脂肪生成。早期断奶（EW）会导致肥胖，而补钙可预防这种肥胖。我们评估了可能在这种功能障碍形成中起作用的肠道肽。
在出生时，将哺乳期 Wistar 大鼠分为：EW 组，哺乳期大鼠在标准哺乳期的最后 4 天用绷带中断哺乳；C 组（对照组），其幼仔在整个哺乳期均可自由获得乳汁。在 120 天时，一半的 EW 组接受钙补充（EWCa）；EW 和 C 组接受标准饮食。在 21 天时，EW 组的血浆胰高血糖素样肽 1（GLP-1）和脂肪组织和下丘脑的 GLP-1 受体（GLP1-R）较高，但肠道中的 GLP-1 和 GLP1-R 较低。在 180 天时，EW 对食物摄入的 GLP-1 反应减弱，补钙后恢复。EW 组的肠道 GLP-1 较低，脂肪组织中的 GLP1-R 较低，钙 EW 组的肠道 GLP1-R 较高。
因此，EW 对 GLP-1 谱有短期和长期影响，这可能导致肥胖、多食和胰岛素抵抗的发展，这是由于其在脂肪生成和食欲控制中的作用。钙补充可预防 EW 引起的大多数 GLP-1 变化。
