Dutta Sourabh, Singh Balpreet, Chessell Lorraine, Wilson Jennifer, Janes Marianne, McDonald Kimberley, Shahid Shaneela, Gardner Victoria A, Hjartarson Aune, Purcha Margaret, Watson Jennifer, de Boer Chris, Gaal Barbara, Fusch Christoph
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton L8S4L8, Ontario, Canada.
Nutrients. 2015 Jan 8;7(1):423-42. doi: 10.3390/nu7010423.
Despite the fact that feeding a very low birth weight (VLBW) neonate is a fundamental and inevitable part of its management, this is a field which is beset with controversies. Optimal nutrition improves growth and neurological outcomes, and reduces the incidence of sepsis and possibly even retinopathy of prematurity. There is a great deal of heterogeneity of practice among neonatologists and pediatricians regarding feeding VLBW infants. A working group on feeding guidelines for VLBW infants was constituted in McMaster University, Canada. The group listed a number of important questions that had to be answered with respect to feeding VLBW infants, systematically reviewed the literature, critically appraised the level of evidence, and generated a comprehensive set of guidelines. These guidelines form the basis of this state-of-art review. The review touches upon trophic feeding, nutritional feeding, fortification, feeding in special circumstances, assessment of feed tolerance, and management of gastric residuals, gastro-esophageal reflux, and glycerin enemas.
尽管喂养极低出生体重（VLBW）新生儿是其治疗中基本且不可避免的一部分，但这一领域存在诸多争议。最佳营养可促进生长并改善神经发育结局，还能降低败血症的发生率，甚至可能减少早产儿视网膜病变的发生。在喂养VLBW婴儿方面，新生儿科医生和儿科医生的做法存在很大差异。加拿大麦克马斯特大学成立了一个关于VLBW婴儿喂养指南的工作组。该小组列出了一些关于喂养VLBW婴儿必须回答的重要问题，系统地回顾了文献，严格评估了证据水平，并制定了一套全面的指南。这些指南构成了本综述的基础。本综述涉及微量喂养、营养性喂养、强化、特殊情况下的喂养、喂养耐受性评估以及胃残余物、胃食管反流和甘油灌肠的管理。
