Rodrigues Inês, Proença Luís, Ramalho Renata, Virella Daniel, Pereira-da-Silva Luís, Cardoso Manuela
Nutrition Laboratory, Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal.
Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 15;17(16):2644. doi: 10.3390/nu17162644.
Several factors can affect the composition of a mother's milk, including the infant's sex, gestational age, and single or twin delivery. We aimed to determine the association of the offspring's sex with the macronutrient and energy content in preterm milk, during the first six weeks postpartum. : This is a retrospective, monocentric, cohort study of lactating mothers who delivered before 37 weeks at a referral tertiary maternity. A mid-infrared human milk analyzer was used. From 174 mothers, 360 milk samples were obtained. In the milk for singletons, the mature milk for females was significantly richer in total energy, fat, and protein than the milk for males; in advanced lactation, the milk for males was richer in protein than the milk for females. The transitional milk for male twins was significantly richer in fat and energy than the milk for male singletons; mature milk for male twins was richer in energy, carbohydrates, and protein than the milk for singletons. The mature milk for female twins during the fourth week postpartum was significantly richer in fat and total energy than the milk for singletons. This study provides information on how the number of delivered fetuses and the infant's sex affects the composition of preterm milk.
几个因素会影响母乳的成分，包括婴儿的性别、胎龄以及单胎或双胎分娩。我们旨在确定产后六周内早产母乳中宏量营养素和能量含量与后代性别的关联。：这是一项对在一家三级转诊妇产医院孕37周前分娩的哺乳期母亲进行的回顾性、单中心队列研究。使用了中红外母乳分析仪。从174名母亲那里获取了360份母乳样本。在单胎母乳中，女婴的成熟母乳在总能量、脂肪和蛋白质方面显著比男婴的母乳丰富；在泌乳后期，男婴的母乳在蛋白质方面比女婴的母乳丰富。男双胞胎的过渡乳在脂肪和能量方面显著比单胎男婴的母乳丰富；男双胞胎的成熟母乳在能量、碳水化合物和蛋白质方面比单胎男婴的母乳丰富。产后第四周女双胞胎的成熟母乳在脂肪和总能量方面显著比单胎女婴的母乳丰富。本研究提供了有关分娩胎儿数量和婴儿性别如何影响早产母乳成分的信息。
