O'Shea John J, Schwartz Daniella M, Villarino Alejandro V, Gadina Massimo, McInnes Iain B, Laurence Arian
Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; email:
Annu Rev Med. 2015;66:311-28. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-051113-024537.
The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer of activators of transcription (STAT) pathway is now recognized as an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway employed by diverse cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and related molecules. This pathway provides an elegant and remarkably straightforward mechanism whereby extracellular factors control gene expression. It thus serves as a fundamental paradigm for how cells sense environmental cues and interpret these signals to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Genetic mutations and polymorphisms are functionally relevant to a variety of human diseases, especially cancer and immune-related conditions. The clinical relevance of the pathway has been confirmed by the emergence of a new class of therapeutics that targets JAKs.
Janus激酶（JAK）-信号转导及转录激活因子（STAT）通路如今被认为是一条进化上保守的信号通路，多种细胞因子、干扰素、生长因子及相关分子均可利用该通路。这条通路提供了一种精妙且极为直接的机制，通过该机制细胞外因子可控制基因表达。因此，它成为了细胞如何感知环境线索并解读这些信号以调节细胞生长和分化的基本范例。基因突变和多态性在功能上与多种人类疾病相关，尤其是癌症和免疫相关疾病。针对JAK的新型治疗药物的出现证实了该通路的临床相关性。
