来自博茨瓦纳北部两个野生动物保护区的非洲水牛（非洲野水牛）体内的蜱传血寄生虫

Tick-borne haemoparasites in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) from two wildlife areas in Northern Botswana.

作者信息

Eygelaar Dewald, Jori Ferran, Mokopasetso Mokganedi, Sibeko Kgomotso P, Collins Nicola E, Vorster Ilse, Troskie Milana, Oosthuizen Marinda C

机构信息

Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.

Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2015 Jan 15;8:26. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0627-y.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-014-0627-y

PMID:25589064

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4302575/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) is a host for many pathogens known to cause economically important diseases and is often considered an important reservoir for livestock diseases. Theileriosis, heartwater, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are considered the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in extensive economic losses to livestock farmers in endemic areas. Information on the distribution of tick-borne diseases and ticks is scarce in Northern Botswana. Nevertheless, this data is necessary for targeting surveillance and control measures in livestock production at national level.

METHODS

In order to address this gap, we analyzed 120 blood samples from buffalo herds for the presence of common tick-borne haemoparasites causing disease in livestock, collected in two of the main wildlife areas of Northern Botswana: the Chobe National Park (CNP, n=64) and the Okavango Delta (OD, n=56).

RESULTS

Analysis of the reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization assay results revealed the presence of Theileria, Babesia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species, either as single or mixed infections. Among the Theileria spp. present, T. parva (60%) and T. mutans (37%) were the most prevalent. Other species of interest were Anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (30%), A. marginale (20%), Babesia occultans (23%) and Ehrlichia ruminantium (6%). The indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) indicated 74% of samples to be positive for the presence of T. parva antibodies. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detected the highest level of animals infected with T. parva (81% of the samples). The level of agreement between the tests for detection of T. parva positive animals was higher between qPCR and IFAT (kappa=0.56), than between qPCR and RLB (kappa=0.26) or the latter and IFAT (kappa=0.15).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first report of tick-borne haemoparasites in African buffalo from northern Botswana, where animals from the CNP showed higher levels of infection than those from OD. Considering the absence of fences separating wildlife and livestock in the CNP and the higher levels of some parasite species in buffalo from that area, surveillance of tick-borne diseases in livestock at the interface in the CNP should be prioritized.

摘要

背景

非洲水牛（非洲野水牛）是许多已知会引发具有经济重要性疾病的病原体的宿主，常被视为家畜疾病的重要储存宿主。泰勒虫病、心水病、巴贝斯虫病和无浆体病被认为是撒哈拉以南非洲最重要的蜱传家畜疾病，给流行地区的家畜养殖户造成了巨大经济损失。博茨瓦纳北部关于蜱传疾病和蜱的分布信息匮乏。然而，这些数据对于在国家层面针对家畜生产制定监测和控制措施至关重要。

方法

为填补这一空白，我们分析了从博茨瓦纳北部两个主要野生动物区域采集的120份水牛群血液样本，以检测是否存在导致家畜发病的常见蜱传血寄生虫：乔贝国家公园（CNP，n = 64）和奥卡万戈三角洲（OD，n = 56）。

结果

反向线印迹（RLB）杂交分析结果显示存在泰勒虫属、巴贝斯虫属、无浆体属和埃立克体属物种，既有单一感染也有混合感染。在所发现的泰勒虫属物种中，小泰勒虫（60%）和突变泰勒虫（37%）最为常见。其他相关物种有无浆体边缘亚种中央亚种（30%）、边缘无浆体（20%）、隐匿巴贝斯虫（23%）和反刍动物埃立克体（6%）。间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）表明74%的样本小泰勒虫抗体呈阳性。定量实时PCR（qPCR）检测到感染小泰勒虫的动物比例最高（81%的样本）。检测小泰勒虫阳性动物的试验之间，qPCR与IFAT之间的一致性水平（kappa = 0.56）高于qPCR与RLB之间（kappa = 0.26）或RLB与IFAT之间（kappa = 0.15）。