加蓬东南部弗朗斯维尔学童无症状无形体属感染期间的细胞因子模式以及疟疾和蠕虫共感染的影响
Cytokine pattern during asymptomatic Anaplasma spp. infections and effect of co-infections by malaria and helminths in schoolchildren of Franceville, southeastern Gabon.
作者信息
Mbani Mpega Ntigui Chérone Nancy, Oyegue-Liabagui Sandrine Lydie, Mouloungui-Mavoungou Jenny, Ndjangangoye Nal Kennedy, Madoungou Idoumi Desly Luide, Kouna Lady Charlene, Kassa Kassa Roland Fabrice, Moukodoum Nancy Diamella, Ontoua Steede Seinnat, Imboumy Limoukou Roméo Karl, Biteghe Bi Essone Jean-Claude, Okouga Alain Prince, Bagueboussa Félicien, Lekana-Douki Jean-Bernard
机构信息
Unité d'Evolution Epidémiologie et Résistances Parasitaires (UNEEREP), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769, Franceville, Gabon.
Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale (ECODRAC), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, BP 876, Franceville, Gabon.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2025 Mar 27;18(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s13071-025-06714-1.
BACKGROUND
Asymptomatic infections by Anaplasma spp. and the basis of the immune response during these infections have not yet been established. This study investigated the inflammatory cytokine responses during Anaplasma spp. infection in school children and the effect of co-infection with Plasmodium spp. and helminths.
METHODS
Blood and stool samples were taken from children aged 5 to 17 years. Parasitological diagnosis was carried out by RDT and microscopy, while microscopy and PCR were used to diagnose infection by Anaplasma spp. Plasma was used for cytokine assays using the ELISA technique.
RESULTS
A total of 219 children were included in the present study, of whom 205 were infected with Anaplasma spp. and 14 were uninfected. Levels of IL-6, IL-22 and TGF-β were lower not only in children mono-infected with Anaplasma spp. but also in those co-infected with Anaplasma spp. and Plasmodium spp., Anaplasma spp. and helminths, and Anaplasma spp., Plasmodium spp. and helminths compared to controls. However, higher levels of IL-6 and IL-22 were observed in children mono-infected with Anaplasma spp. compared to those co-infected with Anaplasma spp. and helminths. The latter group also had lower levels of IL-6, IL-22, TGF-β and IL-10 than children co-infected with Anaplasma spp. and Plasmodium spp. In addition, children co-infected with Anaplasma spp. and helminths had also lower TGF-β and IL-10 levels than children co-infected with Anaplasma spp., Plasmodium spp. and helminths. An increase of IFN-γ and IL-10 were observed in children co-infected with Anaplasma spp. and Plasmodium spp. compared to those mono-infected with Anaplasma spp. Finally, the results showed that febrile children infected with Anaplasma spp. had higher levels of IFN-γ and lower levels of TGF-β than afebrile children.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that infection with Anaplasma spp. downregulates cytokines including IL-6, IL-22 and TGF-β and that co-infection with Plasmodium spp. might have a protective effect on the host, while co-infection with helminths might have a negative effect.
背景
无形体属（Anaplasma spp.）的无症状感染以及这些感染期间免疫反应的基础尚未明确。本研究调查了学龄儿童感染无形体属期间的炎性细胞因子反应以及与疟原虫属和蠕虫共感染的影响。
方法
采集5至17岁儿童的血液和粪便样本。通过快速诊断检测（RDT）和显微镜检查进行寄生虫学诊断，而显微镜检查和聚合酶链反应（PCR）用于诊断无形体属感染。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）技术检测血浆中的细胞因子。
结果
本研究共纳入219名儿童，其中205名感染无形体属，14名未感染。与对照组相比，不仅无形体属单感染儿童，而且无形体属与疟原虫属、无形体属与蠕虫、无形体属、疟原虫属与蠕虫共感染儿童的白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-22（IL-22）和转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）水平均较低。然而，与无形体属和蠕虫共感染儿童相比，无形体属单感染儿童的IL-6和IL-22水平较高。后一组的IL-6、IL-22、TGF-β和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平也低于无形体属和疟原虫属共感染儿童。此外，无形体属和蠕虫共感染儿童的TGF-β和IL-10水平也低于无形体属、疟原虫属和蠕虫共感染儿童。与无形体属单感染儿童相比，无形体属和疟原虫属共感染儿童的干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和IL-10增加。最后，结果显示，感染无形体属的发热儿童的IFN-γ水平高于无发热儿童，TGF-β水平低于无发热儿童。
结论
这些结果表明，无形体属感染会下调包括IL-6、IL-22和TGF-β在内的细胞因子，与疟原虫属共感染可能对宿主有保护作用，而与蠕虫共感染可能有负面影响。
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