Kasprzyk Idalia, Rodinkova Victoria, Šaulienė Ingrida, Ritenberga Olga, Grinn-Gofron Agnieszka, Nowak Malgorzata, Sulborska Aneta, Kaczmarek Joanna, Weryszko-Chmielewska Elzbieta, Bilous Elena, Jedryczka Malgorzata
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Jun;22(12):9260-74. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-4070-6. Epub 2015 Jan 17.
Spores of the genus Alternaria belong to one of the most prevailing constituents of the air in all regions of the world. They form infectious inoculum of numerous plant species as well as severe inhaled allergies. The aim of this study was to compare the biological pollution with Alternaria spores of the air of 12 cities located in central and eastern Europe. The experiment was done in 2010 and it covered the territory of Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Poland (PL) and Ukraine (UA). The spores were counted using an identical method and standard equipment (7-day Lanzoni volumetric sampler) followed by extensive statistical calculations. The timing of the day of maximum concentration changed mainly along the N-S direction and had a positive correlation with latitude. The most important factor determining the increase in Alternaria spore concentration was the temperature, whereas other weather parameters were not related or of low significance. Regardless of geographical location, the first phase of the season (0-0.9 % of Alternaria spores in the air) was the longest (up to 60 days) and the last (97.5 to 99 %) was the shortest (22 days or less). The means of daily concentrations of Alternaria spores ranged from 11 spores m(-3) in Klaipeda (LT, Baltic Sea coast) to 187 in Poznan (west PL, agricultural plain). The threshold value of 80 spores m(-3) that triggers the first allergy symptoms was exceeded in 8 to 86 days (Vinnitsa, UA, temperate continental, forest-steppes region). There were considerable differences between the highest number of spores per cubic metre of air, varying from 139 in the north (Klaipeda, LT) to 2,295 in central west (Poznan, PL). The biological pollution by Alternaria spores in several places of central and eastern Europe was high; the number of days exceeding the threshold value of 300 spores m(-3) connected with serious health problems of atopic people ranged from 0 to 1 on the north (LV, LT) to 29 in central west (Poznan, PL).
链格孢属的孢子是世界所有地区空气中最普遍的成分之一。它们会形成许多植物物种的感染接种体以及严重的吸入性过敏原。本研究的目的是比较中欧和东欧12个城市空气中链格孢属孢子造成的生物污染情况。该实验于2010年进行，涵盖了拉脱维亚（LV）、立陶宛（LT）、波兰（PL）和乌克兰（UA）的领土。使用相同的方法和标准设备（7天兰佐尼体积采样器）对孢子进行计数，随后进行广泛的统计计算。一天中孢子浓度最高的时间主要沿南北方向变化，且与纬度呈正相关。决定链格孢属孢子浓度增加的最重要因素是温度，而其他天气参数则无关或意义不大。无论地理位置如何，季节的第一阶段（空气中链格孢属孢子占比0 - 0.9%）持续时间最长（可达60天），最后阶段（97.5%至99%）持续时间最短（22天或更短）。链格孢属孢子的日平均浓度范围从克莱佩达（LT，波罗的海沿岸）的11个孢子/立方米到波兹南（波兰西部，农业平原）的187个孢子/立方米。在8至86天内，维日尼察（UA，温带大陆性气候，森林草原地区）超过了引发首次过敏症状的80个孢子/立方米的阈值。每立方米空气中孢子的最高数量存在相当大的差异，从北部的139个（克莱佩达，LT）到中西部的2295个（波兹南，PL）不等。中欧和东欧几个地方链格孢属孢子造成的生物污染程度较高；与特应性人群严重健康问题相关的超过300个孢子/立方米阈值的天数，在北部（LV，LT）为0至1天，在中西部（波兹南，PL）为29天。
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