Díaz-González Sandra, Andrés María Fe, González-Sanz Carlos, Sacristán Soledad, González-Coloma Azucena
Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano,115, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Madrid, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 2;15(1):11332. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94939-6.
Endophytic fungi produce a diverse range of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in biopesticide development. This study investigates the nematicidal and antifeedant properties of ethyl acetate extracts from endophytic fungi isolated from wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations in Spain. The extracts were tested against the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne javanica, and two common insect pests, Myzus persicae and Spodoptera littoralis. Nine of the 13 extracts demonstrated significant nematicidal and/or antifeedant activity, indicating their potential as biopesticides. The active extracts were derived from six genera: Alternaria (3 isolates), Dydimella (1), Dothiora (1), Pleiochaeta (1), Penicillium (1), and Fusarium (2). Five extracts exhibited nematicidal activity above 90%, with three reducing the total number of M. javanica second-stage juveniles hatched from egg masses by 22-37%. Four extracts showed strong settling inhibition (> 70%) against M. persicae, and three exhibited feeding inhibition against S. littoralis. Chemical analysis by GC-MS and LC-MS revealed a wide array of unique secondary metabolites in the active extracts, reflecting substantial chemical diversity, regardless of the fungal origin. This study highlights the potential of fungal endophytes from A. thaliana as sources of novel biopesticides, paving the way for future research focused on harnessing these fungi for biopesticide development.
内生真菌产生多种具有生物活性的次生代谢产物，在生物农药开发中具有潜在应用价值。本研究调查了从西班牙野生拟南芥种群中分离出的内生真菌的乙酸乙酯提取物的杀线虫和拒食特性。这些提取物针对植物寄生线虫爪哇根结线虫以及两种常见害虫桃蚜和滨海灰翅夜蛾进行了测试。13种提取物中有9种表现出显著的杀线虫和/或拒食活性，表明它们具有作为生物农药的潜力。活性提取物来自6个属：链格孢属（3个分离株）、双隔孢属（1个）、壳多孢属（1个）、多毛孢属（1个）、青霉属（1个）和镰刀菌属（2个）。5种提取物表现出高于90%的杀线虫活性，其中3种使从卵块中孵化出的爪哇根结线虫二期幼虫总数减少了22%-37%。4种提取物对桃蚜表现出强烈的定居抑制作用（>70%），3种提取物对滨海灰翅夜蛾表现出取食抑制作用。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）和液相色谱-质谱联用仪（LC-MS）进行的化学分析表明，活性提取物中存在大量独特的次生代谢产物，这反映了无论真菌来源如何，都具有丰富的化学多样性。本研究突出了拟南芥内生真菌作为新型生物农药来源的潜力，为未来致力于利用这些真菌进行生物农药开发的研究铺平了道路。
