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New Assessment Tools for Risk Drinking During Pregnancy: T-ACE, TWEAK, and Others.孕期风险饮酒的新评估工具：T-ACE、TWEAK及其他。
Alcohol Health Res World. 1994;18(1):55-61.
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Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in child care settings: a meta-analysis.儿保机构中胎儿酒精谱系障碍的流行率：一项荟萃分析。
Pediatrics. 2013 Oct;132(4):e980-95. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-0066. Epub 2013 Sep 9.
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The association of mild, moderate, and binge prenatal alcohol exposure and child neuropsychological outcomes: a meta-analysis.轻度、中度和 binge 型产前酒精暴露与儿童神经心理学结局的关联：一项荟萃分析。
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014 Jan;38(1):214-26. doi: 10.1111/acer.12214. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: neuropsychological and behavioral features.胎儿酒精谱系障碍：神经心理学和行为特征。
Neuropsychol Rev. 2011 Jun;21(2):81-101. doi: 10.1007/s11065-011-9167-9. Epub 2011 Apr 19.
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Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies.采用多种研究方法的胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的患病率及流行病学特征，重点关注近期的在校研究。
Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2009;15(3):176-92. doi: 10.1002/ddrr.68.
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Prenatal cocaine exposure: drug and environmental effects at 9 years.产前可卡因暴露：9岁时的药物及环境影响
J Pediatr. 2008 Jul;153(1):105-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.01.001. Epub 2008 Mar 6.
7
Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes to two years of age.胎粪中的脂肪酸乙酯与两岁时较差的神经发育结局相关。
J Pediatr. 2008 Jun;152(6):788-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.11.009. Epub 2008 Jan 10.
8
Biomarkers for detection of prenatal alcohol exposure: a critical review of fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium.用于检测产前酒精暴露的生物标志物：对胎粪中脂肪酸乙酯的批判性综述。
Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008 Jul;82(7):487-93. doi: 10.1002/bdra.20464.
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Elevated fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium of sheep fetuses exposed in utero to ethanol--a new animal model.子宫内暴露于乙醇的绵羊胎儿胎粪中脂肪酸乙酯升高——一种新的动物模型。
Pediatr Res. 2008 Feb;63(2):164-8. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31815f651e.
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Systematic review of effects of low-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on pregnancy outcome.低中度孕期酒精暴露对妊娠结局影响的系统评价
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胎粪中脂肪酸乙酯与儿童及青少年认知发育的关联

Association of fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium and cognitive development during childhood and adolescence.

作者信息

Min Meeyoung O, Singer Lynn T, Minnes Sonia, Wu Miaoping, Bearer Cynthia F

机构信息

Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

出版信息

J Pediatr. 2015 Apr;166(4):1042-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.008. Epub 2015 Jan 13.

DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.008
PMID:25596105
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4380586/
Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To examine associations between amounts of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) in meconium and cognitive development in school-aged children exposed to alcohol and drugs in utero.

STUDY DESIGN

A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of children, primarily African American and of low socioeconomic status, that was recruited at birth. FAEEs were quantified with gas chromatography via a flame ionization detector. Meconium was analyzed for FAEEs in 216 newborns; 191 of these infants were assessed for IQ at ages 9, 11, and 15 years with the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Fourth Edition.

RESULTS

Longitudinal mixed model analyses indicated that, after we controlled for maternal and child covariates, greater concentrations of FAEEs (ethyl myristate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl linolenate) were associated with lower Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Fourth Edition Verbal Comprehension Index, Working Memory Index, and Full-Scale IQ scores. Associations of FAEEs with Verbal Comprehension Index, Working Memory Index, and Full-Scale IQ did not vary over time. No associations of FAEEs with Perceptual Reasoning and Processing Speed Indices were found.

CONCLUSION

Elevated levels of FAEEs in meconium are potential markers for identifying newborns at risk for poor cognitive development related to prenatal alcohol exposure.

摘要

目的

研究胎粪中脂肪酸乙酯（FAEEs）含量与子宫内暴露于酒精和药物的学龄儿童认知发育之间的关联。

研究设计

对一个主要由非裔美国人且社会经济地位较低的儿童前瞻性队列进行二次分析，这些儿童在出生时被招募。通过火焰离子化检测器用气相色谱法定量FAEEs。对216名新生儿的胎粪进行了FAEEs分析；其中191名婴儿在9岁、11岁和15岁时使用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版进行了智商评估。

结果

纵向混合模型分析表明，在控制了母婴协变量后，较高浓度的FAEEs（肉豆蔻酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、亚油酸乙酯和亚麻酸乙酯）与较低的韦氏儿童智力量表第四版言语理解指数、工作记忆指数和全量表智商得分相关。FAEEs与言语理解指数、工作记忆指数和全量表智商的关联不会随时间变化。未发现FAEEs与知觉推理和处理速度指数之间存在关联。

结论

胎粪中FAEEs水平升高是识别与产前酒精暴露相关的认知发育不良风险新生儿的潜在标志物。