Maschke Janina, Roetner Jakob, Goecke Tamme W, Fasching Peter A, Beckmann Matthias W, Kratz Oliver, Moll Gunther H, Lenz Bernd, Kornhuber Johannes, Eichler Anna
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Brain Sci. 2021 Jan 25;11(2):154. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11020154.
Here, we explore the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in adolescence. We investigated associations between meconium ethyl glucoronide (EtG) and facial malformation. For 129 children (66/63 male/female; M = 13.3, SD = 0.32, 12-14 years), PAE was implemented by newborn meconium EtG and maternal self-reports during the third trimester. Cognitive development was operationalized by standardized scores (WISC V). The EtG cut-off values were set at ≥10 ng/g ( = 32, 24.8% EtG10+) and ≥112 ng/g ( = 20, 15.5% EtG112+). The craniofacial shape was measured using FAS Facial Photographic Analysis Software. EtG10+- and EtG112+-affected children exhibited a shorter palpebral fissure length ( 0.031/ = 0.055). Lip circularity was smaller in EtG112+-affected children ( = 0.026). Maternal self-reports were not associated ( > 0.164). Lip circularity correlated with fluid reasoning (EtG10+ 0.031; EtG112+ = 0.298) and working memory (EtG10+ = 0.084; EtG112+ = 0.144). The present study demonstrates visible effects of the facial phenotype in exposed adolescents. Facial malformation was associated with a child's cognitive performance in the alcohol-exposed group. The EtG biomarker was a better predictor than maternal self-reports.
在此，我们探讨产前酒精暴露（PAE）对青少年的影响。我们调查了胎粪乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷（EtG）与面部畸形之间的关联。对于129名儿童（男66名/女63名；M = 13.3，标准差 = 0.32，年龄12 - 14岁），通过新生儿胎粪EtG和孕晚期母亲的自我报告来确定PAE情况。认知发展通过标准化分数（韦氏儿童智力量表第五版，WISC V）来衡量。EtG的临界值设定为≥10 ng/g（n = 32，24.8% EtG10 +）和≥112 ng/g（n = 20，15.5% EtG112 +）。使用胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FAS）面部摄影分析软件测量颅面形状。EtG10 +组和EtG112 +组受影响的儿童睑裂长度较短（p = 0.031/p = 0.055）。EtG112 +组受影响的儿童唇周径较小（p = 0.026）。母亲的自我报告无相关性（p > 0.164）。唇周径与流体推理能力相关（EtG10 +组p = 0.031；EtG112 +组p = 0.298）以及工作记忆相关（EtG10 +组p = 0.084；EtG112 +组p = 0.144）。本研究证明了暴露于酒精环境中的青少年面部表型有明显影响。在酒精暴露组中，面部畸形与儿童的认知表现相关。EtG生物标志物比母亲的自我报告是更好的预测指标。
