陈述性记忆在神经发育障碍中的代偿作用。
A compensatory role for declarative memory in neurodevelopmental disorders.
作者信息
Ullman Michael T, Pullman Mariel Y
机构信息
Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Box 571464, Washington, DC 20057-1464, United States.
Brain and Language Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Box 571464, Washington, DC 20057-1464, United States.
出版信息
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015 Apr;51:205-22. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.008. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
Most research on neurodevelopmental disorders has focused on their abnormalities. However, what remains intact may also be important. Increasing evidence suggests that declarative memory, a critical learning and memory system in the brain, remains largely functional in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. Because declarative memory remains functional in these disorders, and because it can learn and retain numerous types of information, functions, and tasks, this system should be able to play compensatory roles for multiple types of impairments across the disorders. Here, we examine this hypothesis for specific language impairment, dyslexia, autism spectrum disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We lay out specific predictions for the hypothesis and review existing behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging evidence. Overall, the evidence suggests that declarative memory indeed plays compensatory roles for a range of impairments across all five disorders. Finally, we discuss diagnostic, therapeutic and other implications.
大多数关于神经发育障碍的研究都聚焦于其异常情况。然而，保持完好的部分可能也很重要。越来越多的证据表明，陈述性记忆作为大脑中关键的学习和记忆系统，在多种神经发育障碍中基本仍能正常运作。由于陈述性记忆在这些障碍中仍能发挥作用，且它能够学习并保留多种类型的信息、功能和任务，因此该系统应该能够对这些障碍中的多种损伤起到代偿作用。在此，我们针对特定语言障碍、诵读困难、自闭症谱系障碍、妥瑞氏症和强迫症对这一假设进行检验。我们为该假设列出具体预测，并回顾现有的行为学、电生理学和神经影像学证据。总体而言，证据表明陈述性记忆确实对所有这五种障碍中的一系列损伤起到了代偿作用。最后，我们讨论其在诊断、治疗及其他方面的意义。
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