Russ Laura B, Webster Collin A, Beets Michael W, Phillips David S
Dept of Kinesiology and Health Science, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA.
J Phys Act Health. 2015 Oct;12(10):1436-46. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2014-0244. Epub 2015 Jan 16.
A "whole-of-school" approach is nationally endorsed to increase youth physical activity (PA). Aligned with this approach, comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAP) are recommended. Distinct components of a CSPAP include physical education (PE), PA during the school day (PADS), PA before/after school (PABAS), staff wellness (SW), and family/community engagement (FCE). The effectiveness of interventions incorporating multiple CSPAP components is unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted examining the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions on youth total daily PA.
Electronic databases were searched for published studies that (1) occurred in the US; (2) targeted K-12 (5-18 years old); (3) were interventions; (4) reflected ≥ 2 CSPAP components, with at least 1 targeting school-based PA during school hours; and (5) reported outcomes as daily PA improvements. Standardized mean effects (Hedge's g) from pooled random effects inverse-variance models were estimated.
Across 14 studies, 12 included PE, 5 PADS, 1 PABAS, 2 SW, and 14 FCE. No studies included all 5 CSPAP components. Overall, intervention impact was small (0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.19).
As designed, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions to increase youth total daily PA. Increased alignment with CSPAP recommendations may improve intervention effectiveness.
全国都认可采用“全校性”方法来增加青少年的身体活动（PA）。与此方法相一致，建议实施全面学校体育活动计划（CSPAP）。CSPAP的不同组成部分包括体育教育（PE）、在校期间的身体活动（PADS）、课前/课后的身体活动（PABAS）、教职工健康（SW）以及家庭/社区参与（FCE）。包含多个CSPAP组成部分的干预措施的有效性尚不清楚。我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以检验多成分干预措施对青少年每日总身体活动的有效性。
在电子数据库中搜索已发表的研究，这些研究需满足以下条件：（1）发生在美国；（2）针对K-12年级（5-18岁）；（3）是干预措施；（4）反映了≥2个CSPAP组成部分，其中至少有1个针对在校期间基于学校的身体活动；（5）将结果报告为每日身体活动的改善情况。通过合并随机效应逆方差模型估计标准化平均效应（Hedge's g）。
在14项研究中，12项包括体育教育，5项包括在校期间的身体活动，1项包括课前/课后的身体活动，2项包括教职工健康，14项包括家庭/社区参与。没有研究涵盖所有5个CSPAP组成部分。总体而言，干预效果较小（0.11，95%置信区间0.03-0.19）。
按照设计，多成分干预措施增加青少年每日总身体活动有效性的证据有限。与CSPAP建议更紧密的结合可能会提高干预效果。
