Torr S J, Vale G A
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK; South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
Trends Parasitol. 2015 Mar;31(3):95-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.12.010. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
The emergence of new vector-borne diseases requires new methods of vector control. These diseases are often zoonoses associated with wilderness areas, and established methods of vector control used in domestic settings (e.g., indoor-residual spraying, insecticide-treated bednets) are therefore inappropriate. Similar difficulties are also emerging with the control of 'old' vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Understanding the host-finding behaviour of vectors assists the development and application of control methods and aids the understanding of epidemiology. Some general lessons are illustrated by reference to a century of research on the host-finding behaviour of tsetse flies which transmit trypanosomes causing human and animal trypanosomiases, including Rhodesian sleeping sickness, a zoonosis associated with wilderness areas of sub-Saharan Africa.
新出现的媒介传播疾病需要新的病媒控制方法。这些疾病通常是与荒野地区相关的人畜共患病，因此在家庭环境中使用的既定病媒控制方法（如室内滞留喷洒、经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐）并不适用。在控制疟疾等“旧”的媒介传播疾病方面也出现了类似的困难。了解病媒寻找宿主的行为有助于控制方法的开发和应用，并有助于理解流行病学。通过参考对采采蝇寻找宿主行为的一个世纪研究，阐述了一些一般性经验教训。采采蝇传播锥虫，可导致人类和动物锥虫病，包括罗德西亚昏睡病，这是一种与撒哈拉以南非洲荒野地区相关的人畜共患病。
