United Nations University - International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Management, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
United Nations University - International Institute for Global Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Environ Res. 2015 Feb;137:329-37. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.001. Epub 2015 Jan 17.
The research was carried out at 3 study sites with varying groundwater arsenic (As) levels in the Kandal Province of Cambodia. Kampong Kong Commune was chosen as a highly contaminated site (300-500μg/L), Svay Romiet Commune was chosen as a moderately contaminated site (50-300μg/L) and Anlong Romiet Commune was chosen as a control site. Neurobehavioral tests on the 3 exposure groups were conducted using a modified WHO neurobehavioral core test battery. Seven neurobehavioral tests including digit symbol, digit span, Santa Ana manual dexterity, Benton visual retention, pursuit aiming, trail making and simple reaction time were applied. Children's hair samples were also collected to investigate the influence of hair As levels on the neurobehavioral test scores. The results from the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses of hair samples showed that hair As levels at the 3 study sites were significantly different (p<0.001), whereby hair samples from the highly contaminated site (n=157) had a median hair As level of 0.93μg/g, while the moderately contaminated site (n=151) had a median hair As level of 0.22μg/g, and the control site (n=214) had a median hair As level of 0.08μg/g. There were significant differences among the 3 study sites for all the neurobehavioral tests scores, except for digit span (backward) test. Multiple linear regression clearly shows a positive significant influence of hair As levels on all the neurobehavioral test scores, except for digit span (backward) test, after controlling for hair lead (Pb), manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd). Children with high hair As levels experienced 1.57-4.67 times greater risk of having lower neurobehavioral test scores compared to those with low hair As levels, after adjusting for hair Pb, Mn and Cd levels and BMI status. In conclusion, arsenic-exposed school children from the Kandal Province of Cambodia with a median hair As level of 0.93µg/g among those from the highly contaminated study site, showed clear evidence of neurobehavioral effects.
这项研究在柬埔寨干丹省三个地下水砷（As）水平不同的研究点进行。磅湛Kong 公社被选为高度污染点（300-500μg/L），斯威 Romiet 公社被选为中度污染点（50-300μg/L），安龙 Romiet 公社被选为对照点。使用改良的世界卫生组织神经行为核心测试组合，对 3 个暴露组进行神经行为测试。应用 7 项神经行为测试，包括数字符号、数字跨度、圣安娜手灵巧性、本顿视觉保留、追踪瞄准、轨迹制作和简单反应时间。还收集了儿童的头发样本，以研究头发砷水平对神经行为测试分数的影响。头发样本的电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）分析结果表明，三个研究点的头发砷水平差异显著（p<0.001），高度污染点（n=157）的头发样本中位砷含量为 0.93μg/g，中度污染点（n=151）的头发样本中位砷含量为 0.22μg/g，对照点（n=214）的头发样本中位砷含量为 0.08μg/g。除数字跨度（倒背）测试外，三个研究点的所有神经行为测试得分均存在显著差异。多元线性回归清楚地表明，在控制头发铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）和镉（Cd）后，头发砷水平对所有神经行为测试得分均有正向显著影响，除数字跨度（倒背）测试外。与头发砷水平低的儿童相比，头发砷水平高的儿童神经行为测试得分较低的风险高 1.57-4.67 倍，在调整头发 Pb、Mn 和 Cd 水平以及 BMI 状况后。总之，柬埔寨干丹省砷暴露的学龄儿童，头发砷中位水平为 0.93µg/g，来自高度污染研究点的儿童，表现出明显的神经行为效应。
