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污水排放对热带溪流水质的影响。

Effects of sewage effluents on water quality in tropical streams.

作者信息

Figueroa-Nieves Débora, McDowell William H, Potter Jody D, Martínez Gustavo, Ortiz-Zayas Jorge R

出版信息

J Environ Qual. 2014 Nov;43(6):2053-63. doi: 10.2134/jeq2014.03.0139.

Abstract

Increased urbanization in many tropical regions has led to an increase in centralized treatment of sewage effluents. Research regarding the effects of these wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the ecology of tropical streams is sparse, so we examined the effects of WWTPs on stream water quality on the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Nutrient concentrations, discharge, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), and specific UV absorbance (SUVA) at 254 nm were measured upstream from the WWTP effluent, at the WWTP effluent, and below the WWTP effluent. All parameters measured (except DO) were significantly affected by discharge of WWTP effluent to the stream. The values of SUVA at 254 nm were typically lower (<2.5 m mg L) in WWTP effluents than those measured upstream of the WWTP, suggesting that WWTP effluents are contributing labile carbon fractions to receiving streams, thus changing the chemical composition of dissolved organic carbon in downstream reaches. Effluents from WWTP contributed on average 24% to the stream flow at our tropical streams. More than 40% of the nutrient loads in receiving streams came from WWTP effluents, with the effects on NO-N and PO-P loads being the greatest. The effect of WWTPs on nutrient loads was significantly larger than the effect of flow due to the elevated nutrient concentrations in treated effluents. Our results demonstrate that inputs from WWTPs to streams contribute substantially to changes in water quality, potentially affecting downstream ecosystems. Our findings highlight the need to establish nutrient criteria for tropical streams to minimize degradation of downstream water quality of the receiving streams.

摘要

许多热带地区城市化进程的加快导致了污水集中处理的增加。关于这些污水处理厂(WWTPs)对热带溪流生态影响的研究很少,因此我们研究了污水处理厂对加勒比海岛波多黎各溪流水质的影响。在污水处理厂废水排放上游、污水处理厂废水排放处以及污水处理厂废水排放下游,测量了营养物浓度、流量、溶解氧(DO)、生化需氧量(CBOD)和254nm处的特定紫外吸光度(SUVA)。所测量的所有参数(除DO外)都受到污水处理厂废水排放到溪流的显著影响。污水处理厂废水中254nm处的SUVA值通常低于污水处理厂上游测量的值(<2.5 m mg L),这表明污水处理厂废水正在向接纳溪流中贡献不稳定的碳组分,从而改变了下游河段溶解有机碳的化学组成。污水处理厂的废水平均占我们热带溪流流量的24%。接纳溪流中超过40%的营养负荷来自污水处理厂的废水,对NO-N和PO-P负荷的影响最大。由于处理后废水中营养物浓度升高,污水处理厂对营养负荷的影响显著大于流量的影响。我们的结果表明,污水处理厂向溪流的排放对水质变化有很大贡献,可能会影响下游生态系统。我们的研究结果强调需要为热带溪流制定营养标准,以尽量减少接纳溪流下游水质的退化。

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