牙颌面不对称的发生率：一项针对正畸患者的横断面研究。

Bhateja Nita Kumari, Fida Mubassar, Shaikh Attiya

Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2014 Apr-Jun;26(2):129-33.

BACKGROUND

Correction of orthodontic asymmetries is crucial to achieve functional occlusion, aesthetics and stability of post orthodontic treatment results. To date valid frequency data of dentofacial asymmetries in Pakistani orthodontic patients do not exist to document orthodontic treatment need. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency of dento-facial asymmetries, severity of dental asymmetries and to determine difference in frequency of dentofacial asymmetries in mixed and permanent dentition.

METHODS

The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised of 280 patients (177 females and 103 males) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment having no craniofacial anomalies. Dento-facial asymmetries were assessed from pre-treatment records of patients. Descriptive statistics were used to determine frequency of dentofacial asymmetries and severity of dental asymmetries. Chi-square test was used to determine difference in frequency of dentofacial asymmetries in mixed and permanent dentition.

RESULTS

Seventy eight percent (219) of patients had noncoincident midlines, 67.5% (189) had mandibular midline asymmetry, 43.2% (122) had molar asymmetry, 15.7% (44) had mandibular arch asymmetry, 14.3% (40) had maxillary midline asymmetry, 13.6% (38) had maxillary arch asymmetry, 6.1% (17) had nose deviation, and 12.1% (34) had facial asymmetry and chin deviation. In most patients dental midlines were deviated from one another and from facial midline by ¼ lower incisor widths, while molar asymmetry was found in most patients by ¼ cusp width. Mandibular arch asymmetry was more frequent in permanent than mixed dentition (p = 0.054).

CONCLUSIONS

Non-coincident dental midline is most commonly seen. Nose deviation is least commonly observed. Mandibular arch asymmetry is more frequent in permanent than mixed dentition.

背景

矫正正畸不对称对于实现功能性咬合、美观以及正畸治疗后结果的稳定性至关重要。迄今为止，尚无关于巴基斯坦正畸患者牙颌面不对称有效频率数据来记录正畸治疗需求。本研究的目的是确定牙颌面不对称的频率、牙齿不对称的严重程度，并确定混合牙列和恒牙列中牙颌面不对称频率的差异。

方法

本横断面研究样本包括280例患者（177例女性和103例男性），他们既往无正畸治疗史且无颅面异常。从患者的治疗前记录中评估牙颌面不对称情况。使用描述性统计来确定牙颌面不对称的频率和牙齿不对称的严重程度。使用卡方检验来确定混合牙列和恒牙列中牙颌面不对称频率的差异。

结果

78%（219例）患者存在中线不重合，67.5%（189例）存在下颌中线不对称，43.2%（122例）存在磨牙不对称，15.7%（44例）存在下颌弓不对称，14.3%（40例）存在上颌中线不对称，13.6%（38例）存在上颌弓不对称，6.1%（17例）存在鼻偏斜，12.1%（34例）存在面部不对称和颏部偏斜。在大多数患者中，牙齿中线相互偏离且与面部中线偏离1/4下切牙宽度，而大多数患者磨牙不对称达1/4牙尖宽度。恒牙列中下颌弓不对称比混合牙列更常见（p = 0.054）。