Bardinet Etienne, Baron Pascal, Bazert Cédric, Boileau Marie-José, Bougues Roger, de Brondeau François, Darqué François, Faure Jacques, Gardes Christian, Garnier Emmanuel, Milheau Jean-François, Nakache Carole, Pujol André, Treil Jacques
Orthod Fr. 2002 Sep;73(3):243-315.
From an orthodontic point of view, asymmetries can be gathered in three great clinical entities: mandibular lateral deviations, dental asymmetries without skeletal involvement, skeletal asymmetries. Once the therapeutic aims and the principles of the orthodontic approach of these dysmorphoses have been recalled, the authors present the various orthodontic means implemented in this type of treatment. Four cases treated illustrate those types of treatment. Vertical non-surgical asymmetry may have an obvious local origin, for instance, a unilateral damage to a nerve. but usually, there is no evident origin. Frequently the occlusal slippage of a severe sagittal or a vertical malformation, which may evolve as a borderline surgery case, is suspected to be the real cause. In these cases, the diagnosis is always late, with the ending growth. The treatment needs peculiar strong asymmetric mechanics and, sometimes, unilateral mixed extractions. The post-treatment occlusion can be unstable; for this reason, the finishing steps must be carefully conducted. Four clinical case reports develop these points ov view. Multidisciplinary treatments prove very useful to solve three types of clinical situations. In the adult patient, facial esthetics are indicated in severe dentofacial asymmetries. Esthetic improvements of dental nature are still required in deviated smiles, or frontal tippings of the occlusal plane. In addition, asymmetrical intermaxillary relationships will lead to functional anomalies: TMJ disorders, dental wear or lingual dysfunctions. Finally, multidisciplinary treatments in the adult concern the occlusal transverse anomalies, the lateral crossbites, the Class II subdivisions, the deviations of the inter-incisor midlines or unilateral edentulousness. The various plans of treatment, as well as the orthodontic mechanics used, are illustrated in the following development by clinical cases.
从正畸学的角度来看,不对称情况可归纳为三大临床类型:下颌侧向偏斜、无骨骼累及的牙齿不对称、骨骼不对称。在回顾了这些畸形的治疗目标和正畸治疗原则后,作者介绍了这类治疗中所采用的各种正畸方法。所治疗的4个病例说明了这些治疗类型。垂直性非手术不对称可能有明显的局部病因,例如单侧神经损伤,但通常并无明显病因。严重矢状或垂直畸形的咬合移位常被怀疑是真正原因,这种情况可能发展为临界手术病例。在这些病例中,诊断总是在生长结束时才做出。治疗需要特殊的强大不对称力学装置,有时还需要单侧混合拔牙。治疗后的咬合可能不稳定,因此,必须谨慎进行最后的治疗步骤。4例临床病例报告阐述了这些观点。多学科治疗对于解决三种临床情况非常有用。在成年患者中,严重牙颌面不对称时需要考虑面部美观问题。在微笑偏斜或咬合平面的 frontal tippings 时,仍需要进行牙齿美观改善。此外,不对称的颌间关系会导致功能异常:颞下颌关节紊乱、牙齿磨损或舌功能障碍。最后,成年患者的多学科治疗涉及咬合横向异常、侧方反合、II 类亚类错合、切牙中线偏斜或单侧无牙。以下通过临床病例阐述了各种治疗方案以及所使用的正畸力学装置。 (注:原文中“frontal tippings”表述不太准确,可能有误,但按要求直接翻译)