肯尼亚黑白犀牛局域种群中双角巴贝斯虫的流行病学。
Epidemiology of Theileria bicornis among black and white rhinoceros metapopulation in Kenya.
机构信息
Veterinary Services Department, Forensic and Genetics Laboratory Kenya Wildlife Service, P.O Box 40241-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
出版信息
BMC Vet Res. 2015 Jan 17;11:4. doi: 10.1186/s12917-014-0316-2.
BACKGROUND
A huge effort in rhinoceros conservation has focused on poaching and habitat loss as factors leading to the dramatic declines in the endangered eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) and the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Nevertheless, the role disease and parasite infections play in the mortality of protected populations has largely received limited attention. Infections with piroplasmosis caused by Babesia bicornis and Theileria bicornis has been shown to be fatal especially in small and isolated populations in Tanzania and South Africa. However, the occurrence and epidemiology of these parasites in Kenyan rhinoceros is not known.
RESULTS
Utilizing 18S rRNA gene as genetic marker to detect rhinoceros infection with Babesia and Theileria, we examined blood samples collected from seven rhinoceros populations consisting of 114 individuals of black and white rhinoceros. The goal was to determine the prevalence in Kenyan populations, and to assess the association of Babesia and Theileria infection with host species, age, sex, location, season and population mix (only black rhinoceros comparing to black and white rhinoceros populations). We did not detect any infection with Babesia in the sequenced samples, while the prevalence of T. bicornis in the Kenyan rhinoceros population was 49.12% (56/114). White rhinoceros had significantly higher prevalence of infection (66%) compared to black rhinoceros (43%). The infection of rhinoceros with Theileria was not associated with animal age, sex or location. The risk of infection with Theileria was not higher in mixed species populations compared to populations of pure black rhinoceros.
CONCLUSION
In the rhinoceros studied, we did not detect the presence of Babesia bicornis, while Theileria bicornis was found to have a 49.12% prevalence with white rhinoceros showing a higher prevalence (66%) comparing with black rhinoceros (43%). Other factors such as age, sex, location, and population mix were not found to play a significant role.
背景
为了保护濒危的东部黑犀牛（Diceros bicornis michaeli）和南部白犀牛（Ceratotherium simum simum），人们在犀牛保护方面付出了巨大努力，主要针对偷猎和栖息地丧失等因素。然而，疾病和寄生虫感染在受保护种群死亡率中的作用在很大程度上受到了限制。在坦桑尼亚和南非，已证实小而孤立的种群中感染双角巴贝斯虫（Babesia bicornis）和双角泰勒虫（Theileria bicornis）引起的梨形虫病是致命的。然而，肯尼亚犀牛中这些寄生虫的发生和流行病学情况尚不清楚。
结果
本研究利用 18S rRNA 基因作为遗传标记，检测了来自 7 个犀牛种群的 114 头黑犀牛和白犀牛的血液样本，以确定肯尼亚犀牛种群中的流行情况，并评估巴贝斯虫和泰勒虫感染与宿主物种、年龄、性别、地理位置、季节和种群混合（仅与黑犀牛种群相比，包括黑犀牛和白犀牛种群）之间的关联。在测序样本中未检测到任何巴贝斯虫感染，而肯尼亚犀牛种群中双角泰勒虫的流行率为 49.12%（56/114）。白犀牛的感染率（66%）显著高于黑犀牛（43%）。犀牛感染泰勒虫与动物年龄、性别或地理位置无关。与纯黑犀牛种群相比，混合物种种群感染泰勒虫的风险并没有更高。
结论
在所研究的犀牛中，我们未检测到双角巴贝斯虫的存在，而双角泰勒虫的流行率为 49.12%，其中白犀牛的流行率（66%）高于黑犀牛（43%）。其他因素，如年龄、性别、地理位置和种群混合，并未发现其具有显著作用。
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