Yao Yixin, Des Marais Thomas L, Costa Max
Department of Environmental Medicine New York University, New York, USA.
Department of Environmental Medicine New York University, New York, USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo, New York, USA.
Gene Technol. 2014 Aug 11;3(2):114.
Cancer is a complex disease with acquired genomic and epigenomic alterations that affect cell proliferation, viability and invasiveness. Almost all the epigenetic mechanisms including cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs have been found associate with carcinogenesis and cancer specific expression profile. Altered histone modification as an epigenetic hallmark is frequently found in tumors. Understanding the epigenetic alterations induced by carcinogens or infectious agents may help us understand early epigenetic changes prior to the development of cancer. In this review, we focus on chromatin remodeling and the associated histone modifiers in the development of cancer; the application of these modifiers as a cancer therapy target in different clinical trial phases is also discussed.
癌症是一种复杂的疾病，具有获得性基因组和表观基因组改变，这些改变会影响细胞增殖、活力和侵袭性。几乎所有的表观遗传机制，包括胞嘧啶甲基化和羟甲基化、染色质重塑和非编码RNA，都已被发现与致癌作用和癌症特异性表达谱相关。作为一种表观遗传标志，组蛋白修饰改变在肿瘤中经常被发现。了解致癌物或感染因子诱导的表观遗传改变可能有助于我们理解癌症发生之前的早期表观遗传变化。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注癌症发生过程中的染色质重塑及相关组蛋白修饰因子；还讨论了这些修饰因子作为癌症治疗靶点在不同临床试验阶段的应用。
