Kjerstadius H, Haghighatafshar S, Davidsson Å
a Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , Lund University , Lund , Sweden.
Environ Technol. 2015 Jul-Aug;36(13-16):1707-20. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1007089. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
In the last decades, the focus on waste and wastewater treatment systems has shifted towards increased recovery of energy and nutrients. Separation of urban food waste (FW) and domestic wastewaters using source control systems could aid this increase; however, their effect on overall sustainability is unknown. To obtain indicators for sustainability assessments, five urban systems for collection, transport, treatment and nutrient recovery from blackwater, greywater and FW were investigated using data from implementations in Sweden or northern Europe. The systems were evaluated against their potential for biogas production and nutrient recovery by the use of mass balances for organic material, nutrients and metals over the system components. The resulting indicators are presented in units suitable for use in future sustainability studies or life-cycle assessment of urban waste and wastewater systems. The indicators show that source control systems have the potential to increase biogas production by more than 70% compared with a conventional system and give a high recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen as biofertilizer. The total potential increase in gross energy equivalence for source control systems was 20-100%; the greatest increase shown is for vacuum-based systems.
在过去几十年中，对废物和废水处理系统的关注已转向提高能源和养分回收。使用源头控制系统分离城市食物垃圾（FW）和生活污水有助于实现这一增长；然而，它们对整体可持续性的影响尚不清楚。为了获得可持续性评估指标，利用瑞典或北欧实施项目的数据，对五个从黑水、灰水和食物垃圾中进行收集、运输、处理和养分回收的城市系统进行了研究。通过对系统组件上有机物质、养分和金属的质量平衡，评估了这些系统的沼气生产和养分回收潜力。所得指标以适用于未来城市废物和废水系统可持续性研究或生命周期评估的单位呈现。指标显示，与传统系统相比，源头控制系统有潜力将沼气产量提高70%以上，并能作为生物肥料高效回收磷和氮。源头控制系统的总能量当量潜在增加量为20%-100%；显示出最大增幅的是基于真空的系统。
