Machado Siqueira Glécio, Dafonte Dafonte Jorge, Bueno Lema Javier, Valcárcel Armesto Montserrat, França e Silva Ênio Farias
Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, BR-222, KM 04, s/n, Boa Vista, 65500-000 Chapadinha, MA, Brazil.
Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:269480. doi: 10.1155/2014/269480. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
This study presents a combined application of an EM38DD for assessing soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and a dual-sensor vertical penetrometer Veris-3000 for measuring soil electrical conductivity (ECveris) and soil resistance to penetration (PR). The measurements were made at a 6 ha field cropped with forage maize under no-tillage after sowing and located in Northwestern Spain. The objective was to use data from ECa for improving the estimation of soil PR. First, data of ECa were used to determine the optimized sampling scheme of the soil PR in 40 points. Then, correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between soil PR and ECa, ranging from -0.36 to -0.70 for the studied soil layers. The spatial dependence of soil PR was best described by spherical models in most soil layers. However, below 0.50 m the spatial pattern of soil PR showed pure nugget effect, which could be due to the limited number of PR data used in these layers as the values of this parameter often were above the range measured by our equipment (5.5 MPa). The use of ECa as secondary variable slightly improved the estimation of PR by universal cokriging, when compared with kriging.
本研究介绍了一种EM38DD用于评估土壤表观电导率(ECa)以及一种双传感器垂直贯入仪Veris - 3000用于测量土壤电导率(ECveris)和土壤抗穿透性(PR)的联合应用。测量是在西班牙西北部一块6公顷的免耕播种饲用玉米田进行的。目的是利用ECa数据改进土壤PR的估计。首先,利用ECa数据确定了40个点处土壤PR的优化采样方案。然后,相关性分析表明土壤PR与ECa之间存在显著的负相关关系,在所研究的土壤层中,相关系数范围为-0.36至-0.70。在大多数土壤层中,土壤PR的空间依赖性用球形模型描述最佳。然而,在0.50米以下,土壤PR的空间格局呈现纯块金效应,这可能是由于这些层中使用的PR数据数量有限,因为该参数的值常常超出我们设备的测量范围(5.5兆帕)。与克里金法相比,将ECa用作辅助变量通过通用协同克里金法略微改进了PR的估计。