Gamoh Koichiro, Nakamura Shigeyuki
National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
Biologicals. 2015 Mar;43(2):150-2. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2014.12.003. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
The basic countermeasures used to control highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) are early detection procedures and the culling of affected chickens. However, if successive HPAI outbreaks occur, the vaccination may be an option for controlling HPAI. Therefore, avian influenza (AI) vaccines are stocked by the Japanese government. By contrast, equine influenza (EI) vaccine is an effective tool for preventing or controlling EI. Because antigenic drifts affect the efficacy of AI and EI vaccines, the vaccine strains should be updated rapidly. However, the development and registration of veterinary vaccines usually takes several years. In response to this issue, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF) established a system that allows AI and EI vaccine strains to be updated rapidly. National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, MAFF, established a vaccine strains selection committee for veterinary influenza vaccine. The main agendas involve determining whether the current vaccine strains need to be updated and selecting the most appropriate vaccine strains. The committee concluded that A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007(H5N1) was added to the strains of stockpiled AI vaccines and that the EI vaccine strains did not need to be changed, but that the clade 2 viruses of the Florida sub-lineage strain, A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010(H3N8) was added to the EI vaccine strain.
用于控制高致病性禽流感（HPAI）的基本对策是早期检测程序和扑杀受感染的鸡。然而，如果连续发生HPAI疫情，接种疫苗可能是控制HPAI的一种选择。因此，日本政府储备了禽流感（AI）疫苗。相比之下，马流感（EI）疫苗是预防或控制EI的有效工具。由于抗原漂移会影响AI和EI疫苗的效力，疫苗毒株应迅速更新。然而，兽用疫苗的研发和注册通常需要数年时间。针对这一问题，农林水产省（MAFF）建立了一个能够迅速更新AI和EI疫苗毒株的系统。农林水产省国立兽医品检测所成立了兽用流感疫苗毒株选择委员会。主要议程包括确定当前的疫苗毒株是否需要更新以及选择最合适的疫苗毒株。委员会得出结论，储备的AI疫苗毒株中增加了A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007(H5N1)，EI疫苗毒株无需更改，但EI疫苗毒株中增加了佛罗里达亚系毒株A/equine/Yokohama/aq13/2010(H3N8)的2类病毒。
