Lis Jolanta, Kątnik-Prastowska Iwona, Tupikowski Krzysztof, Matejuk Agata
Katedra i Zakład Chemii i Immunochemii, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu.
Katedra i Klinika Urologii i Onkologii Urologicznej, Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2015 Jan 21;69:98-113.
An unique element of bladder urothelium is a multilayer membrane, which extends from the renal pelvis to the urethra. Urotelial membrane covers more than 90% of the inner portion of the bladder and is in direct contact with urine. Urothelium is composed of characteristic two-dimensional, asymmetric plaques, composed of uroplakins (UP), differentiated, hexagonally arranged proteins. The unique structure of the urothelial plaques determines the tightness, integrity and strength of the urothelium, prevent rupture of the walls of the bladder during the build-up of urine in the bladder and protects against the toxic ingredients. Uroplakins are tissue-specific, heterogeneous glycoproteins whose oligosaccharide part plays a specific role in the structure and function of urothelium. Disorders of normal expression of uroplakins are highly associated with the pathogenesis in infection and urinary tract malignancies, primary vesico-urinary reflux, hydronephrosis and renal impairment. The emergence of uroplakins in urine and / or plasma may have a potential role in the early detection of bladder tumors. In this paper, the structure and function of uroplakins types Ia, Ib, II, IIIa, their natural oligomerization into heterodimers, tetramers and hexamers, and the role in the construction of asymmetric and flexible urothelial epithelium is presented. We discuss the potential role of uroplakins in laboratory diagnosis of umbrella cell differentiation and in the screening analysis of urinary bladder disorders. The possibilities of using the knowledge of uroplakins in clinical settings as well as in modern strategies for treatment of infectious diseases and cancer of the urinary tract are highlighted.
膀胱尿路上皮的一个独特元素是多层膜，它从肾盂延伸至尿道。尿路上皮膜覆盖了膀胱内部90%以上的部分，并与尿液直接接触。尿路上皮由具有特征性的二维不对称斑块组成，这些斑块由尿血小板溶素（UP）构成，是分化的、六边形排列的蛋白质。尿路上皮斑块的独特结构决定了尿路上皮的紧密性、完整性和强度，在膀胱内尿液积聚时防止膀胱壁破裂，并抵御有毒成分。尿血小板溶素是组织特异性的异质糖蛋白，其寡糖部分在尿路上皮的结构和功能中发挥特定作用。尿血小板溶素正常表达的紊乱与感染和泌尿系统恶性肿瘤、原发性膀胱输尿管反流、肾积水和肾功能损害的发病机制高度相关。尿血小板溶素在尿液和/或血浆中的出现可能在膀胱肿瘤的早期检测中具有潜在作用。本文介绍了Ia、Ib、II、IIIa型尿血小板溶素的结构和功能，它们自然寡聚形成异二聚体、四聚体和六聚体，以及在构建不对称且灵活的尿路上皮中的作用。我们讨论了尿血小板溶素在伞细胞分化的实验室诊断以及膀胱疾病筛查分析中的潜在作用。强调了在临床环境中以及在现代传染病和泌尿系统癌症治疗策略中利用尿血小板溶素知识的可能性。
