Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
School of Medicine and Population Health, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
J Clin Pathol. 2024 Apr 18;77(5):291-296. doi: 10.1136/jcp-2024-209388.
Uroplakins are a family of membrane-spanning proteins highly specific to the urothelium. There are four uroplakin proteins in humans. These are encoded by the following genes: , , and Uroplakin proteins span the apical membrane of umbrella cells of the urothelium, where they associate into urothelial plaques. This provides a barrier function to prevent passage of urine across the urothelium in the renal pelvis, ureters, and bladder. Uroplakins are also involved in developmental processes such as nephrogenesis. The specific localisation of uroplakins within the urothelium means that they are often expressed in primary and metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma and may be used as an immunohistochemical marker of urothelial malignancy.
尿路上皮素是一组高度特异于尿路上皮的跨膜蛋白。人类有四种尿路上皮素蛋白。这些由以下基因编码： 、 、 和 。尿路上皮素蛋白跨越尿路上皮伞细胞的顶膜，在那里它们与尿路上皮斑块结合。这提供了一种屏障功能，以防止尿液穿过肾盂、输尿管和膀胱中的尿路上皮。尿路上皮素也参与发育过程，如肾发生。尿路上皮素在尿路上皮中的特定定位意味着它们通常在原发性和转移性尿路上皮细胞癌中表达，并且可以用作尿路上皮恶性肿瘤的免疫组织化学标志物。
