Patten Elena, Watson Linda R, Baranek Grace T
Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 434 South Stadium Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Division of Speech & Hearing Sciences, CB No. 7190, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Autism Res Treat. 2014;2014:678346. doi: 10.1155/2014/678346. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
Temporally synchronous audio-visual stimuli serve to recruit attention and enhance learning, including language learning in infants. Although few studies have examined this effect on children with autism, it appears that the ability to detect temporal synchrony between auditory and visual stimuli may be impaired, particularly given social-linguistic stimuli delivered via oral movement and spoken language pairings. However, children with autism can detect audio-visual synchrony given nonsocial stimuli (objects dropping and their corresponding sounds). We tested whether preschool children with autism could detect audio-visual synchrony given video recordings of linguistic stimuli paired with movement of related toys in the absence of faces. As a group, children with autism demonstrated the ability to detect audio-visual synchrony. Further, the amount of time they attended to the synchronous condition was positively correlated with receptive language. Findings suggest that object manipulations may enhance multisensory processing in linguistic contexts. Moreover, associations between synchrony detection and language development suggest that better processing of multisensory stimuli may guide and direct attention to communicative events thus enhancing linguistic development.
暂时同步的视听刺激有助于吸引注意力并促进学习，包括婴儿的语言学习。尽管很少有研究考察这种效应在自闭症儿童身上的情况，但似乎检测听觉和视觉刺激之间时间同步的能力可能受损，特别是当通过口部动作和口语配对传递社会语言刺激时。然而，自闭症儿童在面对非社会刺激（物体掉落及其相应声音）时能够检测到视听同步。我们测试了在没有面部的情况下，给自闭症学龄前儿童播放语言刺激与相关玩具动作配对的视频记录时，他们是否能够检测到视听同步。总体而言，自闭症儿童表现出了检测视听同步的能力。此外，他们关注同步条件的时间与接受性语言呈正相关。研究结果表明，物体操作可能会增强语言情境中的多感官处理。此外，同步检测与语言发展之间的关联表明，更好地处理多感官刺激可能会引导并将注意力指向交流事件，从而促进语言发展。
