Rosadini Charles V, Kagan Jonathan C
Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2015 Feb;32:61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.011. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
Within a few years of the discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their role in innate immunity, viral and bacterial proteins were recognized to antagonize TLR signal transduction. Since then, as TLR signaling networks were unraveled, microbial systems have been discovered that target nearly every component within these pathways. However, recent findings as well as some notable exceptions promote the idea that more of these systems have yet to be discovered. For example, we know very little about microbial systems for directly targeting non-cytoplasmic portions of TLR signaling pathways, that is, the ligand interacting portions of the receptor itself. In this review, we compare and contrast strategies by which bacteria and viruses antagonize TLR signaling networks to identify potential areas for future research.
在Toll样受体（TLRs）及其在固有免疫中的作用被发现后的几年内，人们认识到病毒和细菌蛋白可拮抗TLR信号转导。从那时起，随着TLR信号网络被逐步阐明，已发现微生物系统几乎可靶向这些信号通路中的每一个组分。然而，最近的研究发现以及一些显著的例外情况促使人们认为，更多此类系统有待发现。例如，我们对直接靶向TLR信号通路非细胞质部分（即受体本身的配体相互作用部分）的微生物系统知之甚少。在本综述中，我们比较并对比细菌和病毒拮抗TLR信号网络的策略，以确定未来研究的潜在领域。
