Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA.
Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8816, USA.
Mol Cell. 2014 Apr 24;54(2):321-8. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.03.010.
The innate immune system has evolved under selective pressure since the radiation of multicellular life approximately 600 million years ago. Because of this long history, innate immune mechanisms found in modern eukaryotic organisms today are highly complex but yet built from common molecular strategies. It is now clear that evolution has selected a conserved set of antimicrobial peptides as well as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that initiate cellular-based signals as a first line of defense against invading pathogens. Conversely, microbial pathogens employ their own strategies in order to evade, inhibit, or otherwise manipulate the innate immune response. Here, we discuss recent discoveries that have changed our view of immune modulatory mechanisms employed by bacterial pathogens, focusing specifically on the initial sites of microbial recognition and extending to host cellular signal transduction, proinflammatory cytokine production, and alteration of protein trafficking and secretion.
先天免疫系统是在大约 6 亿年前多细胞生物辐射之后，在选择压力下进化而来的。由于这段悠久的历史，今天在现代真核生物中发现的先天免疫机制非常复杂，但却是基于共同的分子策略构建的。现在很清楚，进化选择了一组保守的抗菌肽和模式识别受体（PRRs），它们作为抵御入侵病原体的第一道防线，启动基于细胞的信号。相反，微生物病原体则采用自己的策略来逃避、抑制或以其他方式操纵先天免疫反应。在这里，我们讨论了最近的发现，这些发现改变了我们对细菌病原体所采用的免疫调节机制的看法，特别关注微生物识别的初始部位，并扩展到宿主细胞信号转导、促炎细胞因子的产生以及蛋白质运输和分泌的改变。
