Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA The Sports Health and Performance Institute, OSU Sports Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA.
Br J Sports Med. 2015 Dec;49(23):1510-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093661. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
Current recommendations for physical activity in children overlook the critical importance of motor skill acquisition early in life. Instead, they focus on the quantitative aspects of physical activity (eg, accumulate 60 min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity) and selected health-related components of physical fitness (eg, aerobic fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition). This focus on exercise quantity in youth may limit considerations of qualitative aspects of programme design which include (1) skill development, (2) socialisation and (3) enjoyment of exercise. The timing of brain development and associated neuroplasticity for motor skill learning makes the preadolescence period a critical time to develop and reinforce fundamental movement skills in boys and girls. Children who do not participate regularly in structured motor skill-enriched activities during physical education classes or diverse youth sports programmes may never reach their genetic potential for motor skill control which underlies sustainable physical fitness later in life. The goals of this review are twofold: (1) challenge current dogma that is currently focused on the quantitative rather than qualitative aspects of physical activity recommendations for youth and (2) synthesise the latest evidence regarding the brain and motor control that will provide the foundation for integrative exercise programming that provide a framework sustainable activity for life.
目前针对儿童身体活动的建议忽略了生命早期获得运动技能的重要性。相反，这些建议侧重于身体活动的定量方面（例如，每天积累 60 分钟的中等到剧烈身体活动）和身体活动相关的健康因素（例如，有氧健身、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力、灵活性和身体成分）。这种对年轻人运动数量的关注可能限制了对方案设计的定性方面的考虑，包括（1）技能发展，（2）社会化和（3）运动的享受。大脑发育和运动技能学习的神经可塑性的时间使得青春期前是发展和加强男孩和女孩基本运动技能的关键时期。在体育课或各种青年运动项目中没有定期参加结构化的运动技能丰富活动的儿童可能永远无法达到他们的运动技能控制的遗传潜力，而这种潜力是他们以后终身可持续身体健康的基础。本次综述的目的有两个：（1）挑战目前专注于青年身体活动建议的定量而非定性方面的传统观念；（2）综合最新的大脑和运动控制方面的证据，为提供可持续活动框架的综合运动规划提供基础。
