Reed M S, Stringer L C, Dougill A J, Perkins J S, Atlhopheng J R, Mulale K, Favretto N
Knowledge ExCHANGE Research Centre of Excellence, Birmingham School of the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Millennium Point, Curzon Street, Birmingham B4 7XG, UK.
Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire LS2 9JT, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2015 Mar 15;151:472-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.010. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
This paper identifies new ways of moving from land degradation towards sustainable land management through the development of economic mechanisms. It identifies new mechanisms to tackle land degradation based on retaining critical levels of natural capital whilst basing livelihoods on a wider range of ecosystem services. This is achieved through a case study analysis of the Kalahari rangelands in southwest Botswana. The paper first describes the socio-economic and ecological characteristics of the Kalahari rangelands and the types of land degradation taking place. It then focuses on bush encroachment as a way of exploring new economic instruments (e.g. Payments for Ecosystem Services) designed to enhance the flow of ecosystem services that support livelihoods in rangeland systems. It does this by evaluating the likely impacts of bush encroachment, one of the key forms of rangeland degradation, on a range of ecosystem services in three land tenure types (private fenced ranches, communal grazing areas and Wildlife Management Areas), before considering options for more sustainable land management in these systems. We argue that with adequate policy support, economic mechanisms could help reorient degraded rangelands towards more sustainable land management.
本文通过经济机制的发展，确定了从土地退化转向可持续土地管理的新途径。它确定了基于保持关键水平的自然资本，同时将生计建立在更广泛的生态系统服务基础上，来应对土地退化的新机制。这是通过对博茨瓦纳西南部卡拉哈里牧场的案例研究分析来实现的。本文首先描述了卡拉哈里牧场的社会经济和生态特征以及正在发生的土地退化类型。然后重点关注灌丛入侵，以此探索旨在增强支持牧场系统生计的生态系统服务流量的新经济手段（如生态系统服务付费）。为此，在考虑这些系统更可持续土地管理的选项之前，先评估灌丛入侵（牧场退化的关键形式之一）对三种土地保有权类型（私人围栏牧场、公共放牧区和野生动物管理区）一系列生态系统服务的可能影响。我们认为，在有足够政策支持的情况下，经济机制有助于使退化牧场转向更可持续的土地管理。
