Fernández del Moral R, Dawid-Milner S, Díaz-Calavia J E
Departamento de Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Rev Esp Fisiol. 1989;45 Suppl:337-46.
Research of the alcohol action mechanism on the SNC in acute alcoholic intoxication (AAI) has been dealt in various ways. On one side the alcohol action--apparently most unspecific--on cellular membranes has been studied. Other authors, instead, have studied more specific alcohol effects on three types of neurotransmitters: opioid peptides, GABA and catecholamines. The effect of alcohol on cellular membranes seems to be beyond any doubt. Alcohol action on specific neurotransmitters is the object of controversy, especially in the case of endogenous opioids. There are data which strongly support the participation of the GABA receptors in the AAI. Modifications produced in the cellular membrane by alcohol action can modify the structure of the function of the membrane receptors. On the other hand, distinct receptors may be localized in the same neuron, while the existence of interactions between different neurotransmitters is well known. Therefore, the various hypotheses previously stated are not mutually exclusive.
关于急性酒精中毒（AAI）时酒精对中枢神经系统（SNC）作用机制的研究有多种方式。一方面，研究了酒精对细胞膜的作用——显然是最非特异性的。相反，其他作者研究了酒精对三种神经递质的更特异性作用：阿片肽、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和儿茶酚胺。酒精对细胞膜的作用似乎毋庸置疑。酒精对特定神经递质的作用存在争议，尤其是在内源性阿片类物质的情况下。有数据有力地支持了GABA受体参与急性酒精中毒。酒精作用于细胞膜所产生的改变可改变膜受体的功能结构。另一方面，不同的受体可能位于同一神经元中，而不同神经递质之间存在相互作用是众所周知的。因此，先前提出的各种假设并非相互排斥。
