Boucart Muriel, Michael George Andrew, Bubicco Giovanna, Ponchel Amelie, Waucquier Nawal, Deplanque Dominique, Deguil Julie, Bordet Régis
Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Affectives SCA-Lab, Université de Lille, CNRS, France.
Department of Cognitive Psychology & Neuropsychology, Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Université Lumière Lyon2, Lyon, France.
Behav Brain Res. 2015 Apr 15;283:47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.024. Epub 2015 Jan 22.
Distraction is one of the main problems encountered by people with degenerative diseases that are associated with reduced cortical cholinergic innervations. We examined the effects of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on stimulus-driven attentional capture. Reflexive attention shifts to a distractor are usually elicited by abrupt peripheral changes. This bottom-up shift of attention to a salient item is thought to be the result of relatively inflexible hardwired mechanisms. Thirty young male participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups: placebo first/donepezil second session or the opposite. They were asked to locate a target appearing above and below fixation whilst a peripheral distractor moved abruptly (motion-jitter attentional capture condition) or not (baseline condition). A classical attentional capture effect was observed under placebo: moving distractors interfered with the task in slowing down response times as compared to the baseline condition with fixed distractors. Increased interference from moving distractors was found under donepezil. We suggest that attentional capture in our paradigm likely involved low level mechanisms such as automatic reflexive orienting. Peripheral motion-jitter elicited a rapid reflexive orienting response initiated by a cholinergic signal from the brainstem pedunculo-pontine nucleus that activates nicotinic receptors in the superior colliculus.
注意力分散是患有与皮质胆碱能神经支配减少相关的退行性疾病的人所面临的主要问题之一。我们研究了胆碱酯酶抑制剂多奈哌齐对刺激驱动的注意力捕获的影响。对干扰物的反射性注意力转移通常由外周的突然变化引发。这种自下而上的对突出项目的注意力转移被认为是相对不灵活的硬连线机制的结果。30名年轻男性参与者被随机分配到两组中的一组：先服用安慰剂/后服用多奈哌齐组或相反顺序组。他们被要求在注视点上方和下方出现目标时进行定位，同时一个外周干扰物突然移动（运动抖动注意力捕获条件）或不移动（基线条件）。在安慰剂条件下观察到了经典的注意力捕获效应：与固定干扰物的基线条件相比，移动的干扰物会干扰任务，减慢反应时间。在多奈哌齐作用下，发现移动干扰物的干扰增加。我们认为，我们实验范式中的注意力捕获可能涉及低水平机制，如自动反射性定向。外周运动抖动引发了一种快速的反射性定向反应，该反应由来自脑干脚桥核的胆碱能信号启动，该信号激活上丘中的烟碱受体。
