Rosenfeld Jake, Kleykamp Meredith
University of Washington.
University of Maryland.
AJS. 2012 Mar;117(5):1460-1502. doi: 10.1086/663673.
Why have African-American private-sector unionization rates surpassed those of white workers for decades, and how has private-sector union decline exacerbated black-white wage inequality? Using data from the Current Population Survey (1973-2007), the authors show that African-Americans join unions for protection against discriminatory treatment in nonunion sectors. A model-predicted wage series also shows that, among women, black-white weekly wage gaps would be between 13% and 30% lower if union representation remained at high levels. The effect of deunionization on racial wage inequality for men is less substantial, but without deunionization, weekly wages for black men would be an estimated $49 higher. The results recast organized labor as an institution vital for its economic inclusion of African-American men and women. This study points to the need to move beyond class-based analyses of union decline to an understanding of the gendered role unions once played in mitigating racial inequality.
几十年来,为什么非裔美国私营部门的工会化率超过了白人工人?私营部门工会的衰落又是如何加剧了黑人和白人之间的工资不平等?作者利用当前人口调查(1973 - 2007年)的数据表明,非裔美国人加入工会是为了防范非工会部门的歧视性待遇。一个模型预测的工资序列还显示,在女性中,如果工会代表比例保持在较高水平,黑人和白人之间的周工资差距将降低13%至30%。工会解体对男性种族工资不平等的影响较小,但如果不解体,黑人男性的周工资估计会高出49美元。这些结果将有组织的劳工重新塑造为一个对非裔美国男性和女性的经济包容至关重要的机构。这项研究指出,有必要超越基于阶级的工会衰落分析,转而理解工会曾经在减轻种族不平等方面所起的性别化作用。