Flentje Annesa, Heck Nicholas C, Sorensen James L
Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California.
Department of Psychology, Marquette University.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015 Apr;83(2):325-34. doi: 10.1037/a0038724. Epub 2015 Jan 26.
This study evaluated whether sexual orientation-specific differences in substance use behaviors exist among adults entering substance abuse treatment.
Admissions records (July 2007-December 2009) were examined for treatment programs in San Francisco, California receiving government funding. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons (n = 1,441) were compared to heterosexual persons (n = 11,770) separately by sex, examining primary problem substance of abuse, route of administration, age of first use, and frequency of use prior to treatment.
Regarding bisexual males, the only significant finding of note was greater prevalence of methamphetamine as the primary substance of abuse. When compared to heterosexual men, gay and bisexual men evidenced greater rates of primary problem methamphetamine use (44.5% and 21.8%, respectively, vs. 7.7%, adjusted odds ratios [ORs] 6.43 and 2.94), and there was lower primary heroin use among gay men (9.3% vs. 25.8%, OR 0.35). Among LGB individuals, race and ethnicity did not predict primary problem substance, except that among LGB men and women, a non-White race predicted cocaine use (OR 4.83 and 6.40, respectively), and among lesbian and bisexual women, Hispanic ethnicity predicted lower odds of primary cocaine use (OR 0.24). When compared to heterosexual men, gay men were more likely to smoke their primary problem substance (OR 1.61), first used this substance at an older age (M = 23.16 vs. M = 18.55, p < .001), and used this substance fewer days prior to treatment (M = 8.75 vs. M = 11.41, p < .001). There were no differences between heterosexual and lesbian or bisexual women.
There were unique patterns of substance use for gay and bisexual men entering substance abuse treatment, but women did not evidence differences. Gay men evidenced unique factors that may reflect less severity of use when entering treatment including fewer days of use and a later age of initiation of their primary problem substances. The results underscore the importance of being sensitive to differences between gay, bisexual, and heterosexual males when considering substance use disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record
本研究评估了进入药物滥用治疗的成年人中是否存在特定性取向的药物使用行为差异。
对加利福尼亚州旧金山接受政府资助的治疗项目2007年7月至2009年12月的入院记录进行检查。按性别将女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋者（n = 1441）与异性恋者（n = 11770）进行比较，考察滥用的主要问题药物、给药途径、首次使用年龄以及治疗前的使用频率。
关于双性恋男性，唯一显著的发现是甲基苯丙胺作为主要滥用药物的患病率更高。与异性恋男性相比，男同性恋者和双性恋男性中主要问题为使用甲基苯丙胺的比例更高（分别为44.5%和21.8%，而异性恋男性为7.7%，调整后的优势比[ORs]为6.43和2.94），男同性恋者中主要使用海洛因的比例较低（9.3%对25.8%，OR为0.35）。在女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋个体中，种族和民族并不能预测主要问题药物，不过在男同性恋和双性恋男性及女性中，非白人种族预测会使用可卡因（OR分别为4.83和6.40），在女同性恋和双性恋女性中，西班牙裔民族预测主要使用可卡因的几率较低（OR为0.24）。与异性恋男性相比，男同性恋者更有可能吸食他们的主要问题药物（OR为1.61），首次使用该药物的年龄更大（M = 23.16对M = 18.55，p <.001），且在治疗前使用该药物的天数更少（M = 8.75对M = 11.41，p <.001）。异性恋女性与女同性恋或双性恋女性之间没有差异。
进入药物滥用治疗的男同性恋者和双性恋男性存在独特的药物使用模式，但女性没有差异。男同性恋者存在一些独特因素，可能反映出他们进入治疗时使用程度较轻，包括使用天数较少以及主要问题药物开始使用的年龄较晚。结果强调了在考虑药物使用障碍时对男同性恋、双性恋和异性恋男性之间差异保持敏感的重要性。（PsycINFO数据库记录
