Shriver Lenka H, Hubbs-Tait Laura, Harrist Amanda W, Topham Glade, Page Melanie
Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, 311 Stone Building, Greensboro 27412, USA.
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 341 Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Appetite. 2015 Jun;89:62-9. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.01.017. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
Prevention of body dissatisfaction development is critical for minimizing adverse effects of poor body esteem on eating behaviors, self-esteem, and overall health. Research has examined body esteem and its correlates largely in pre-adolescents and adolescents; however, important questions remain about factors influencing body esteem of younger children. The main purpose of this study was to test moderation by children's gender and weight status of the relation of maternal controlling feeding practices to 1st graders' body esteem. The Body Esteem Scale (BES) and anthropometric measurements were completed during one-on-one child interviews at school. Mothers completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire (restriction, monitoring, concern, self-assessed maternal weight). A total of 410 mother/child dyads (202 girls) participated. Percent of children classified as overweight (BMI-for-age ≥85th) was: girls - 29%; boys - 27%. Gender moderated the relation between restriction and body esteem (β = -.140, p = .05), with maternal restriction predicting body esteem in girls but not boys. The hypothesized three-way interaction among gender, child weight status, and monitoring was confirmed. Monitoring was significantly inversely related to body esteem only for overweight/obese girls (b = -1.630). The moderating influence of gender or gender and weight status on the link between maternal feeding practices and body esteem suggests the importance of body esteem interventions for girls as early as first grade.
预防身体不满情绪的发展对于将身体自尊低下对饮食行为、自尊和整体健康的不利影响降至最低至关重要。研究主要在青春期前儿童和青少年中考察了身体自尊及其相关因素；然而，关于影响年幼儿童身体自尊的因素仍存在重要问题。本研究的主要目的是检验儿童性别和体重状况对母亲控制喂养方式与一年级学生身体自尊之间关系的调节作用。在学校一对一的儿童访谈中完成了身体自尊量表（BES）和人体测量。母亲们完成了儿童喂养问卷（限制、监督、关注、自我评估的母亲体重）。共有410对母婴（202名女孩）参与。被归类为超重（年龄别BMI≥第85百分位数）的儿童百分比为：女孩 - 29%；男孩 - 27%。性别调节了限制与身体自尊之间的关系（β = -.140，p = .05），母亲的限制行为可预测女孩的身体自尊，但不能预测男孩的。性别、儿童体重状况和监督之间的假设三方交互作用得到了证实。仅对于超重/肥胖女孩，监督与身体自尊显著负相关（b = -1.630）。性别或性别与体重状况对母亲喂养方式与身体自尊之间联系的调节作用表明，早在一年级就对女孩进行身体自尊干预很重要。
