Palomares-Rius Juan E, Castillo Pablo, Montes-Borrego Miguel, Navas-Cortés Juan A, Landa Blanca B
Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 4084, 14080, Córdoba, Spain.
PLoS One. 2015 Jan 27;10(1):e0116890. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116890. eCollection 2015.
This work has studied for the first time the structure and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) infesting olive orchard soils in a wide-region in Spain that included 92 locations. It aims at determining which agronomical or environmental factors associated to the olive orchards are the main drivers of the PPNs community structure and diversity. Classical morphological and morphometric identification methods were used to determine the frequency and densities of PPNs. Thirteen families, 34 genera and 77 species of PPNs were identified. The highest diversity was found in Helicotylenchus genus, with six species previously reported in Spain and with H. oleae being a first report. Neodolichorhynchus microphasmis and Diptenchus sp., Diphtherophora sp., and Discotylenchus sp., usually considered fungal feeders, were also reported for the first time associated to olive rhizosphere. PPNs abundance ranged from 66 to 16,288 individuals/500-cm3 of soil with Helicotylenchus digonicus being the most prevalent species, followed by Filenchus sp., Merlinius brevidens and Xiphinema pachtaicum. Nematode abundance and diversity indexes were influenced by olive cultivar, and orchard and soil management practices; while olive variety and soil texture were the main factors driving PPN community composition. Soil physicochemical properties and climatic characteristics most strongly associated to the PPN community composition included pH, sand content and exchangeable K, and maximum and minimum average temperature of the sampled locations. Our data suggests that there is a high diversity of PPNs associated to olive in Southern Spain that can exert different damage to olive roots depending on the olive variety and their abundance. Further analysis to determine the resistance levels of most common olive varieties to the prevalent PPNs in Spain will help to choose the most appropriate ones for the establishment of new plantations. This choice will take into consideration the specific soils and environments where those olive varieties will be established.
这项研究首次对西班牙一个包括92个地点的广大区域内侵染橄榄园土壤的植物寄生线虫（PPNs）的结构和多样性进行了研究。其目的是确定与橄榄园相关的哪些农艺或环境因素是PPNs群落结构和多样性的主要驱动因素。采用经典的形态学和形态计量学鉴定方法来确定PPNs的频率和密度。共鉴定出13个科、34个属和77种PPNs。螺旋线虫属的多样性最高，其中有6个物种此前在西班牙有报道，而油橄榄螺旋线虫是首次报道。微小新长针线虫以及通常被认为是真菌取食者的双尾垫刃线虫属、双盘线虫属和盘茎线虫属，也首次被报道与橄榄根际有关。PPNs的丰度范围为66至16288条/500立方厘米土壤，其中双宫螺旋线虫是最常见的物种，其次是丝尾垫刃线虫属、短体短体线虫和帕氏剑线虫。线虫的丰度和多样性指数受橄榄品种、果园和土壤管理措施的影响；而橄榄品种和土壤质地是驱动PPN群落组成的主要因素。与PPN群落组成最密切相关的土壤理化性质和气候特征包括pH值、砂含量和交换性钾，以及采样地点的最高和最低平均温度。我们的数据表明，西班牙南部与橄榄相关的PPNs具有高度多样性，它们会根据橄榄品种及其丰度对橄榄根造成不同程度的损害。进一步分析以确定西班牙最常见的橄榄品种对流行的PPNs的抗性水平，将有助于选择最合适的品种来建立新种植园。这一选择将考虑到这些橄榄品种将要种植的具体土壤和环境。
