Ballesteros Soledad, Mayas Julia
Studies on Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Department of Basic Psychology II, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2015 Jan 12;5:1567. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01567. eCollection 2014.
In the present study, we investigated the effects of selective attention at encoding on conceptual object priming (Experiment 1) and old-new recognition memory (Experiment 2) tasks in young and older adults. The procedures of both experiments included encoding and memory test phases separated by a short delay. At encoding, the picture outlines of two familiar objects, one in blue and the other in green, were presented to the left and to the right of fixation. In Experiment 1, participants were instructed to attend to the picture outline of a certain color and to classify the object as natural or artificial. After a short delay, participants performed a natural/artificial speeded conceptual classification task with repeated attended, repeated unattended, and new pictures. In Experiment 2, participants at encoding memorized the attended pictures and classify them as natural or artificial. After the encoding phase, they performed an old-new recognition memory task. Consistent with previous findings with perceptual priming tasks, we found that conceptual object priming, like explicit memory, required attention at encoding. Significant priming was obtained in both age groups, but only for those pictures that were attended at encoding. Although older adults were slower than young adults, both groups showed facilitation for attended pictures. In line with previous studies, young adults had better recognition memory than older adults.
在本研究中，我们调查了编码时的选择性注意对年轻人和老年人概念性物体启动效应（实验1）和新旧识别记忆（实验2）任务的影响。两个实验的程序都包括编码阶段和记忆测试阶段，中间有短暂的延迟。在编码时，两个熟悉物体的图片轮廓，一个是蓝色，另一个是绿色，呈现在注视点的左侧和右侧。在实验1中，参与者被指示关注特定颜色的图片轮廓，并将物体分类为自然的或人造的。短暂延迟后，参与者对重复关注、重复未关注和新图片进行自然/人造的快速概念分类任务。在实验2中，参与者在编码时记住被关注的图片，并将它们分类为自然的或人造的。编码阶段后，他们进行新旧识别记忆任务。与先前关于知觉启动任务的研究结果一致，我们发现概念性物体启动效应，与外显记忆一样，在编码时需要注意。两个年龄组都获得了显著的启动效应，但仅针对那些在编码时被关注的图片。虽然老年人比年轻人慢，但两组对被关注的图片都表现出促进作用。与先前的研究一致，年轻人的识别记忆比老年人更好。
