Rosenberg Z F, Fauci A S
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1989 Jan;50(1 Pt 2):S149-56. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90122-0.
The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) follows infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after a long and variable period of time. Although HIV can be rapidly cytopathic in vitro for T4 cells, during early in vivo infection, T4 cell numbers are normal and few infected T4 cells can be found. There is increasing evidence that cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, including bone marrow precursor cells, can be infected by HIV and are relatively resistant to the cytopathic effects of the virus. As in other lentivirus infections, the monocyte/macrophage may serve as a reservoir of HIV in the body and may play a major role in the pathogenesis of AIDS. In vitro induction of HIV from a latent or low level chronic infection to an active state results from exposure to physiologic cellular inductive signals that might be encountered during normal immune responses.
获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）是在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）后，经过一段漫长且长短不一的时期才会出现。尽管HIV在体外对T4细胞可迅速产生细胞病变效应，但在体内早期感染期间，T4细胞数量正常，且很少能发现被感染的T4细胞。越来越多的证据表明，包括骨髓前体细胞在内的单核细胞/巨噬细胞谱系细胞可被HIV感染，并且对该病毒的细胞病变效应具有相对抗性。与其他慢病毒感染一样，单核细胞/巨噬细胞可能是体内HIV的储存库，并且可能在艾滋病的发病机制中起主要作用。从潜伏或低水平慢性感染状态将HIV在体外诱导至活跃状态，是由于暴露于正常免疫反应期间可能遇到的生理性细胞诱导信号所致。
