Ebert Martin, Kölbl-Ebert Martina, Lane Jennifer A
Jura-Museum Eichstätt, Eichstätt, Germany.
Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2015 Jan 28;10(1):e0116140. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116140. eCollection 2015.
The newly recognized Konservat-Lagerstätte of Ettling (Bavaria), field site of the Jura-Museum Eichstätt (JME), is unique among Late Jurassic plattenkalk basins (Solnhofen region) in its abundant, extremely well preserved fossil vertebrates, almost exclusively fishes. We report actinopterygians (ginglymodins, pycnodontiforms, halecomorphs, aspidorynchiforms, "pholidophoriforms," teleosts); turtles; and non-vertebrates (echinoderms, arthropods, brachiopods, mollusks, jellyfish, sponges, biomats, plants) in a current faunal list. Ettling has yielded several new fish species (Bavarichthys incognitus; Orthogonikleithrus hoelli; Aspidorhynchus sanzenbacheri; Macrosemimimus fegerti). Upper and lower Ettling strata differ in faunal content, with the lower dominated by the small teleost Orthogonikleithrus hoelli (absent from the upper layers, where other prey fishes, Leptolepides sp. and Tharsis sp., occur instead). Pharyngeal and stomach contents of Ettling fishes provide direct evidence that Orthogonikleithrus hoelli was a primary food source during early Ettling times. Scarcity of ammonites and absence of vampyromorph coleoids at Ettling differ markedly from the situation at other nearby localities in the region (e.g., Eichstätt, Painten, Schamhaupten, the Mörnsheim beds), where they are more common. Although the exact biochronological age of Ettling remains uncertain (lack of suitable index fossils), many Ettling fishes occur in other plattenkalk basins of Germany (e.g., Kelheim) and France (Cerin) dated as Late Kimmeridgian to Early Tithonian (eigeltingense horizon), suggesting a comparable geologic age. The Ettling deposits represent an independent basin within the larger Upper Jurassic "Solnhofen Archipelago", a shallow subtropical sea containing scattered islands, sponge-microbial and coral reefs, sandbars, and deeper basins on a vast carbonate platform along the northern margin of the Tethys Ocean.
新发现的埃特林（巴伐利亚州） konservat - Lagerstätte ，是艾希施泰特侏罗纪博物馆（JME）的野外考察地点，在晚侏罗世板岩灰岩盆地（索伦霍芬地区）中独具特色，其拥有丰富且保存极其完好的化石脊椎动物，几乎全是鱼类。我们在一份当前的动物区系名录中报告了辐鳍鱼类（全骨鱼类、厚颌鲷类、海鲢类、尖吻鲟类、“褶鳞鱼类”、硬骨鱼类）；龟类；以及无脊椎动物（棘皮动物、节肢动物、腕足动物、软体动物、水母、海绵、生物膜、植物）。埃特林已产出了几种新的鱼类物种（隐匿巴伐利亚鱼；霍氏正颌鱼；桑曾巴赫氏尖吻鲟；费氏大拟半椎鱼）。埃特林地层的上部和下部在动物区系组成上有所不同，下部以小型硬骨鱼类霍氏正颌鱼为主（上部层位没有这种鱼，取而代之的是其他猎物鱼类，如细鳞鱼属和塔尔西斯鱼属）。埃特林鱼类的咽和胃内容物提供了直接证据，表明霍氏正颌鱼在埃特林早期是主要食物来源。埃特林地区菊石稀少且没有吸血鬼乌贼类，这与该地区其他附近地点（如艾希施泰特、派滕、沙姆豪普滕、默恩斯海姆层）的情况明显不同，在那些地方它们更为常见。尽管埃特林的确切生物年代年龄仍不确定（缺乏合适的指示化石），但许多埃特林鱼类出现在德国（如凯尔海姆）和法国（塞兰）的其他板岩灰岩盆地中，这些地方的年代为晚基米里吉阶至早提通阶（艾格尔廷阶），这表明其地质年代具有可比性。埃特林沉积物代表了更大的上侏罗统“索伦霍芬群岛”内的一个独立盆地，这是一个亚热带浅海，在特提斯洋北缘的广阔碳酸盐台地上分布着零散的岛屿、海绵 - 微生物礁和珊瑚礁、沙洲以及更深的盆地。
