Hogerzeil H V, Walker G J, Sallami A O, Fernando G
Action Programme on Essential Drugs and Vaccines, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet. 1989 Jan 21;1(8630):141-2. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91152-5.
Availability and rational use of drugs was assessed in a random sample of 19 peripheral health units in two governorates in Democratic Yemen in which an essential drugs programme has been operational for the past few years. Findings were compared with those from seven health units in one governorate in which no such programme had been started. On average, 27 essential drugs were available in the programme area, compared with 17 in the control area. Programme areas carried on average 1 non-essential drug, compared with 17 in control areas. Average stock was adequate for 4 weeks in programme areas and for 1 week in control areas. Health workers in the programme area scored slightly, but not significantly, better in a test on theoretical knowledge on rational drug use. However, programme areas differed considerably from control areas in patterns of drug use, with fewer injections (24.8% vs 57.8% of prescriptions) and fewer antibiotics (46.3% vs 66.8%) being prescribed in programme areas, which also had fewer drugs per prescription (1.5 vs 2.4). The programme has significantly improved the availability and rational use of essential drugs in peripheral health units.
在也门民主共和国两个省的19个基层卫生单位的随机样本中，对药品的可及性和合理使用情况进行了评估，在过去几年里，这两个省一直在实施基本药物计划。将评估结果与一个尚未启动此类计划的省的7个卫生单位的结果进行了比较。在实施计划的地区，平均有27种基本药物可供使用，而在对照地区，这一数字为17种。实施计划的地区平均有1种非基本药物，而对照地区有17种。在实施计划的地区，平均库存足够维持4周，而在对照地区则为1周。在关于合理用药的理论知识测试中，实施计划地区的卫生工作者得分略高，但差异不显著。然而，在用药模式方面，实施计划的地区与对照地区有很大不同，实施计划的地区注射用药较少（占处方的24.8%，而对照地区为57.8%），抗生素处方较少（46.3%对66.8%），而且每张处方的用药种类也较少（1.5种对2.4种）。该计划显著改善了基层卫生单位基本药物的可及性和合理使用情况。
