Mathiason Frederik, Lidén Carola, Hedberg Yolanda S
Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-10044, Stockholm, Sweden.
Contact Dermatitis. 2015 May;72(5):275-85. doi: 10.1111/cod.12334. Epub 2015 Jan 29.
Approximately 1-3% of the adult population in Europe are allergic to chromium (Cr). A new restriction in Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) based on the ISO 17075 standard has recently been adopted in the EU to limit Cr(VI) in consumer and occupational leather products to < 3 mg/kg.
To investigate the influence of storage conditions [relative humidity, temperature, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and duration] on Cr release, and to assess several parameters relevant for occupational exposure (repeated exposure, wear, alkaline solutions, and sequential wet and dry exposures).
A leather of relevance for work gloves was investigated for its release of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) under these different experimental conditions.
Relative humidity (water content in leather) during storage prior to Cr extraction was the single most important parameter. Cr(VI) levels could vary from non-detectable to levels significantly exceeding the restriction limit, depending on the relative humidity. Leather contact with alkaline solution and UV irradiation during storage could increase the Cr(VI) levels in subsequent extractions.
The amount of Cr(VI) in leather is not an intrinsic property, but is influenced by environmental conditions of relevance for occupations and skin exposure.
欧洲约1% - 3%的成年人口对铬（Cr）过敏。欧盟最近采用了一项基于ISO 17075标准的化学品注册、评估、授权和限制（REACH）新规，将消费品和职业用皮革制品中的六价铬（Cr(VI)）限制在< 3毫克/千克。
研究储存条件[相对湿度、温度、紫外线（UV）照射及持续时间]对铬释放的影响，并评估与职业暴露相关的几个参数（重复暴露、磨损、碱性溶液以及连续干湿暴露）。
研究了一种与工作手套相关的皮革在这些不同实验条件下三价铬（Cr(III)）和六价铬（Cr(VI)）的释放情况。
铬提取前储存期间的相对湿度（皮革中的含水量）是唯一最重要的参数。根据相对湿度的不同，六价铬水平可能从检测不到到显著超过限制水平不等。储存期间皮革与碱性溶液接触以及紫外线照射会增加后续提取物中的六价铬水平。
皮革中六价铬的含量并非固有属性，而是受与职业和皮肤暴露相关的环境条件影响。
