Zielinski Ruth, Searing Kimberly, Deibel Megan
University of Michigan School of Nursing, 3336 SNM, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2015 Jan-Mar;29(1):23-31. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000078.
Gastrointestinal discomforts are a very common complaint in pregnancy. In fact, most pregnant women will experience at least one discomfort. This article focuses on 5 common conditions that occur in pregnancy: gastroesophageal reflux disease, diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhoids, and pica. While these conditions do occur in men and nonpregnant women, they occur more frequently in pregnancy because of the anatomic and physiologic changes associated with gestation. The type and severity of symptoms can vary from individual to individual, making treatment a challenge for healthcare providers, particularly when caring for pregnant women because the effects of medications and other treatments on the developing fetus are often not extensively studied. While these discomforts are rarely life-threatening, they can cause significant distress and impair quality of life. The goal of this article was to provide a summary of the anatomic and physiological changes during pregnancy that contribute to the increasing incidence of these discomforts and to provide information about each condition including prevalence, symptoms, and treatment modalities.
胃肠道不适是孕期非常常见的主诉。事实上，大多数孕妇至少会经历一种不适。本文重点关注孕期出现的5种常见情况：胃食管反流病、腹泻、便秘、痔疮和异食癖。虽然这些情况在男性和非孕妇中也会发生，但由于与妊娠相关的解剖和生理变化，它们在孕期更为常见。症状的类型和严重程度因人而异，这给医疗服务提供者带来了治疗挑战，尤其是在照顾孕妇时，因为药物和其他治疗对发育中的胎儿的影响往往没有得到广泛研究。虽然这些不适很少危及生命，但它们会引起极大的痛苦并损害生活质量。本文的目的是总结孕期导致这些不适发生率增加的解剖和生理变化，并提供有关每种情况的信息，包括患病率、症状和治疗方式。
