Cutcliffe John R, Hummelvoll Jan Kåre, Granerud Arild, Eriksson Bengt G
University of Ottawa, Canada; University of Coimbra, Portugal; University of Malta, Malta.
Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Norway.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2015 Feb;29(1):19-25. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
Much of contemporary health and mental health practice pays little attention to suffering, and when it does, invariably suffering is conflated with pain. Within such views, the health care practitioner ought to be concerned with removing or stopping the suffering as, for many parts of the occidental world at least, suffering is regarded as antagonistic to the pursuit of happiness. However, it has been recognized since ancient times that the experience of suffering can give rise to growth. This view sees suffering as an inevitable aspect of the human condition and experience; as something that might need to be endured, minimized, relieved, explored for meaning and maybe even learned from. The former conceptualization of suffering leaves little, if any, room for the sufferer to be to be proud of his suffering and to consider it ennobling rather than degrading, and such views are highly congruent with the increased pathologizing of 'everyday life' and with that, the inexorable proliferation of pharmacological 'treatment'. Accordingly, we assert that there is a clear need for Psychiatric/Mental Health nurses to re-think their views of suffering and consider how they might help the person discover meaning in the experience; how they might accompany the individual on his/her suffering journey. We therefore identify a range of approaches and interventions that Psychiatric/Mental Health nurses can use when attempting to help those experiencing mental health-related suffering.
当代的许多健康和心理健康实践很少关注痛苦，即便有所关注，也总是将痛苦与疼痛混为一谈。在这类观点中，医疗从业者应该致力于消除或终止痛苦，因为至少在西方世界的许多地方，痛苦被视为与追求幸福相悖。然而，自古以来人们就认识到，痛苦的经历能够带来成长。这种观点将痛苦视为人类生存状况和经历中不可避免的一部分；是一种可能需要忍受、最小化、缓解、探寻意义甚至从中学习的东西。前一种对痛苦的概念化理解几乎没有给受苦者留下空间去为自己的痛苦感到自豪，并认为它是高尚而非可耻的，这种观点与“日常生活”中日益增多的病态化以及随之而来的药物“治疗”的无情扩散高度一致。因此，我们断言，精神科/心理健康护士显然有必要重新思考他们对痛苦的看法，并考虑如何帮助患者在经历中找到意义；如何在患者的痛苦之旅中陪伴他们。因此，我们确定了一系列方法和干预措施，精神科/心理健康护士在试图帮助那些遭受与心理健康相关痛苦的人时可以采用。
