Montgomery Ruth R, Murray Kristy O
Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street/TAC S413, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA.
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015 Mar;13(3):317-25. doi: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1007043. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that emerged in North America in 1999 in New York City. Over the past 15 years, WNV has become established throughout the USA and has spread into Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. CDC reports indicate >41,000 clinical cases, including more than 1700 fatalities. An estimated 3 million people in the USA may have been infected to date. Infection with WNV is dependent on many factors including climate, mosquito habitats and immunologically naïve bird populations. In addition, variations within individuals contribute to the risk of severe disease, in particular, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression and critical elements of the immune response. Recent advances in technology now allow detailed analysis of complex immune interactions relevant to disease susceptibility.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种由蚊子传播的包膜正链RNA病毒，1999年在纽约市出现在北美。在过去15年里，西尼罗河病毒已在美国各地站稳脚跟，并传播到加拿大、墨西哥和加勒比地区。美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的报告显示，临床病例超过41000例，其中死亡病例超过1700例。截至目前，美国估计有300万人可能已被感染。感染西尼罗河病毒取决于许多因素，包括气候、蚊子栖息地和缺乏免疫力的鸟类种群。此外，个体差异也会增加患重病的风险，特别是高龄、高血压、免疫抑制以及免疫反应的关键因素。目前技术的最新进展使得对与疾病易感性相关的复杂免疫相互作用进行详细分析成为可能。
